RESUMEN
Social workers and public health professionals in the U.S. were profoundly impacted by COVID-19, systemic racism, and the 2020 U.S. presidential election. This study examined their external job support, burnout, and job satisfaction in the context of these circumstances. The findings suggest respondents, who had graduate degrees in social work or public health, overemphasized their job satisfaction and underemphasized their burnout. While social work and public health professionals felt satisfied with their labor, not acknowledging burnout limits the amount of support they may access to effectively continue the work. Interestingly, participants who had more administrative functions reported higher job satisfaction scores and lower burnout scores. Traditionally, those in administrative positions have more control over their schedule and work responsibilities. Findings suggest that more training, opportunities for self-care, and discussions about safety and systemic racism are needed in the workplace for social workers and public health professionals.
Asunto(s)
Agotamiento Profesional , COVID-19 , Humanos , Salud Pública , Servicio Social , Personal de Salud , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
El presente trabajo de investigación titulado "Creencias de las Madres de niños entre 2 y 5 años acerca del Tratamiento de las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas en el Puesto de Salud San Antonio Ate, 2009", es de tipo Cualitativo, método descriptivo, con enfoque de Estudio Caso, nace como producto de comprender las creencias de las madres para tratar las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas, sobre todo de las IRAS altas que son menos complicadas y se manejan en el hogar, viendo que esta enfermedad constituye un problema de salud pública en nuestro país, ya que representan la primera causa de morbilidad y segunda de mortalidad en niños menores de 5 años. Este tipo de investigación incrementa y enriquece el marco teórico referente a las creencias de las madres, así mismo buscamos proporcionar información actualizada a fin de que se elaboren estrategias de educación para la salud, sobre aspectos relacionados al cuidado del niño con infecciones respiratorias agudas y que permitan incorporar aquellas creencias favorables de la medicina tradicional y reorientar las creencias desfavorables para la salud del niño. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 madres de familia, la cual fue obtenida a través del muestreo no probabilístico intencionado por saturación, en donde no se busca una representatividad estadística ni numérica. Se empleó como técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista a profundidad y como instrumento una guía de Entrevistas semi estructurada. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas. Las categorías emergentes fueron: Causalidad de la enfermedad, Peligrosidad de la enfermedad, Lugares a donde acude la madre para curar al niño de la enfermedad, Alimentación en el niño enfermo, Higiene en el niño enfermo y Cuidados para minimizar los síntomas propios de la enfermedad. Entre las Consideraciones Finales tenemos: Las madres de familia confieren que la enfermedad se produce por el cambio de clima, o por andar desabrigados, también mencionamos que las madres creen que la enfermedad si es peligrosa, que se debe tratar a tiempo, en cuanto al tratamiento especifico manifiestan que hacen uso de prácticas basadas en sus creencias para tratar las infecciones respiratorias agudas, llegando incluso a ser una de estas creencias perjudiciales para la salud del niño, como la administración de antibióticos sin recomendación médica, el uso de vick vaporub en lugares en donde no debe aplicarse; así mismo hacen uso de prácticas que si contribuyen a mejorar la salud del niño, como la aplicación de medios físicos para el manejo de la fiebre; uso de infusiones o preparaciones caseras a base de hierbas medicinales investigadas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Crianza del Niño , Medicina Tradicional , Antropología Cultural , Perú , Plantas MedicinalesRESUMEN
There is evidence that appropriate footwear is an important factor in the prevention of foot pain in otherwise healthy people or foot ulcers in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. A standard care for reducing forefoot plantar pressure is the utilization of orthotic devices such as total contact inserts (TCI) with therapeutic footwear. Most neuropathic ulcers occur under the metatarsal heads, and foot deformity combined with high localized plantar pressure, appear to be the most significant factors contributing to these ulcers. In this study, patient-specific finite element models of the second ray of the foot were developed to study the influence of TCI design on peak plantar pressure (PPP) under the metatarsal heads. A typical full contact insert was modified based on the results of finite element analyses, by inserting 4 mm diameter cylindrical plugs of softer material in the regions of high pressure. Validation of the numerical model was addressed by comparing the numerical results obtained by the finite element method with measured pressure distribution in the region of the metatarsal heads for a shoe and TCI condition. Two subjects, one with a history of forefoot pain and one with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy, were tested in the laboratory while wearing therapeutic shoes and customized inserts. The study showed that customized inserts with softer plugs distributed throughout the regions of high plantar pressure reduced the PPP over that of the TCI alone. This supports the outcome as predicted by the numerical model, without causing edge effects as reported by other investigators using different plug designs, and provides a greater degree of flexibility for customizing orthotic devices than current practice allows.
Asunto(s)
Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Pie Diabético/terapia , Aparatos Ortopédicos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Pie Diabético/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Antepié Humano/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Presión , Radiografía , CaminataRESUMEN
The primary objective of conservative care for the diabetic foot is to protect the foot from excessive pressures. Pressure reduction and redistribution may be achieved by designing and fabricating orthotic devices based on foot structure, tissue mechanics, and external loads on the diabetic foot. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process used for the development of patient-specific mathematical models of the second and third rays of the foot, their solution by the finite element method, and their sensitivity to model parameters and assumptions. We hypothesized that the least complex model to capture the pressure distribution in the region of the metatarsal heads would include the bony structure segmented as toe, metatarsal and support, with cartilage between the bones, plantar fascia and soft tissue. To check the hypothesis, several models were constructed with different levels of details. The process of numerical simulation is comprised of three constituent parts: model definition, numerical solution and prediction. In this paper the main considerations relating model selection and computation of approximate solutions by the finite element method are considered. The fit of forefoot plantar pressures estimated using the FEA models and those explicitly tested were good as evidenced by high Pearson correlations (r=0.70-0.98) and small bias and dispersion. We concluded that incorporating bone support, metatarsal and toes with linear material properties, tendon and fascia with linear material properties, soft tissue with nonlinear material properties, is sufficient for the determination of the pressure distribution in the metatarsal head region in the push-off position, both barefoot and with shoe and total contact insert. Patient-specific examples are presented.