RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined epidemiological aspects of dynamic changes in incidences of laryngeal cancer in male and female populations in Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary data were for registered patients with malignant laryngeal tumors in the whole country during the period of 1999-2014. Evaluation of changes in laryngeal cancer incidence in the population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis. RESULTS: It was determined that the number of patients with laryngeal cancer in the whole country is decreasing although with conflicting impacts of different factors. Despite population growth (all - ΔP=+66.1%, men - ΔP=+70.9% and women - ΔP=+46.4%), and aging (all - ΔA=+45.1%, men -ΔA=+54.3 and women - ΔA=+22.2), the reduction in risk of developing the disease (all - ΔR=-165.6%, men - ΔR=-170.9% and women - ΔR=-141.0%) was overwhelming. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation was the first epidemiological study of dynamics of laryngeal cancer by component analysis in the population of Kazakhstan. Implementation of the results of the study is recommended in management of anti-cancer activities for laryngeal cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Kazajstán/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand fly bites. Old World leishmaniasis is endemic in the Mediterranean Sea and the neighbouring countries. We believe, that this case is interesting by the fact that we had a very rear disease case that can be observed in nonendemic area. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with a cutaneous leishmaniasis in a localised form of ulcers on the right cheek and the right part of the neck. Histopathological examination showed diffuse dermal infiltrate predominantly of macrophages with admixture of few lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. In a very small number of macrophages amastigotes were seen. On their surface and occasionally extracellularly rod-shaped kinetoplasts were noticeable. It should be stressed that both clinical and laboratory data were not peculiar for this disease. Adults in endemic areas have stable immunity for protozoal infections. This made diagnostication and timely management of the disease very difficult. But clinical effect of drug therapy which is specific for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment proved, in spite of the absence of ulcer soft tissues, blood and cerebrospinal puncture Leishmania, that our diagnosis was correct. The case, described by us, may be interesting for dermatologists, parasitologists, surgeons and other medical specialists. Because of higher rate of travel and work abroad increased number of sporadic cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in non-endemic areas should be taken into account. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare disease in Kazakhstan, especially in the north region. Because of higher rate of travel and work abroad increased number of sporadic cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in non-endemic areas should be taken into account.