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Transition of a (probably primary) cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to T-stem cell leukaemia was observed in a case. Unusual clinical features, histological and laboratory data hampered the diagnosis-making of this rare disease. Using the ALL-BFM 90 HRG protocoll complete remission was achieved. Under the treatment varicella-zoster virus encephalitis took place.

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The authors are dealing with the therapy problems of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis on the basis of seven patients. In the treatment the combination of Vinblastine and Prednisolone was usually applied. The therapy was successful in four cases. The most significant prognostic factors were found to be the presence of organ dysfunction (mainly hepatic and pulmonary), the bone involvement and immunological parameters, respectively. Real therapy goals are stressed.

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Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset levels were analyzed in 28 patients with active, polyarticular, juvenile chronic arthritis and in 12 healthy control children. The patients with a similar treatment were divided into two groups, at the beginning of disease and after five years course. Ten children with juvenile chronic arthritis were treated by glucocorticosteroid. After five years the percentage of active T cells, T suppressor cells and active (total T cells ratio were significantly elevated and there was a same decrease in the T4/T8 ratio. Glucocorticosteroid increased proportion of active T cells but it did not change the percentage of other lymphocyte subsets. It is concluded that during the course of disease a drug-induced or spontaneous effect appears which corrects the initial immunological disturbances.

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We measured the level of serum haptoglobin, transferrin, alfa-I antitrypsin, orosomucoid, beta-2-microglobulin, ferritin in the case of 30 children (aged 11-16 years) with juvenile chronic arthritis. We divided the patients into two groups. In the first group there were 15 patients with active disease under continuous treatment and in clinical remission (We 20 mm/hour). In the second group there were 15 patients without active disease and they were not given continuous treatment for two Years. These groups were studied, by a control one. If we measure more phase-proteins together, they are suitable for the demonstration of the inflammatory activity in juvenile chronic arthritis. We made a points system for the evaluation of activity.

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The authors found, that the incidence of hypochromic, microcytic anaemia was 4 percent, and more than half of the children were suffered from iron deficiency. The causes are the inadequate daily iron uptake and/or increase iron requirement. It is very important to increase the iron content of the food and/or the prophylactic or therapeutic iron treatment.

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Authors have kept under review two groups of healthy full-term infants born from undisturbed pregnancy, who lived in good social conditions from birth to one year of age. One of the groups was given 500IU/die and the other 1200 IU/die vitamin D. Authors evaluated the effect of the different doses of vitamin D on the prophylaxis of the rickets. 100 infants were reviewed in both groups. The clinical, laboratory and radiological examination revealed symptoms referring to rickets at the half of infants in both groups as early as 3 month of age. In the group of infants having been given low prophylactic dose of vitamin D there was significantly larger number of patients showing clinical evidence for rickets in both ages. Also significant differences were found at the age of one year in the size of the anterior fontanelles and the head circumferences, the developing of dentition and walk and the disturbed rank of eruption of teeth.

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Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset levels were analyzed in 28 patients with active, polyarticular, juvenile chronic arthritis and in 12 healthy control children. The patients with a similar treatment were divided into two groups, at the beginning of disease and after five years' course. Ten children with juvenile chronic arthritis were treated by glucocorticosteroid. After five years the percentage of active T cells, T suppressor cells and active/total T cells ratio were significantly elevated and there was a decrease in the T4/T8 ratio. Glucocorticosteroids increased the proportion of active T cells but did not change the percentage of other lymphocyte subsets. It is concluded that during the course of disease a drug-induced or spontaneous process appears which corrects the initial immunological disturbance.

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The authors performed a three week treatment and examination of 20 children with obesity of non-endocrine origin, and they compared the examination results with those of healthy children. The treatment of the obese children consisted of a diet and an individually determined training programme. In the course of the examinations it was established that the weight of the obese children decreased, their physical working capacity increased, their glucose and fat metabolism showed a tendency to improve. On the basis of all their findings authors wish to stress the importance of the primary and secondary prevention of cardio-vascular diseases as early as in childhood.

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The frequency of iron-deficiency anaemia was investigated in 376 children with the aid of serum ferritin determinations. The children, resident in Budapest or Miskolc were 6 months to 3 years old. Marked iron-deficiency (serum ferritin less than 10 micrograms/l) could be demonstrated in 33.8% of the investigated population. The frequency of iron-deficiency was related to the socio-economic and cultural status of the mother, a factor which is thought to influence the feeding habits. In areas where iron-deficiency is frequently detected regular iron-prophylaxis is recommended.

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391 children received complex chemotherapy according to uniform treatment schedules, proposed by the Hungarian Study Group for Childhood Leukaemia, which was established in 1971. Survival among the patients showed an increasing tendency: more than 50% of patients with ALL are stille alive 3 years after the beginning of treatment. One patient is in complete remission 9 3/4 years after the establishment of the diagnosis. Two types of maintenance therapy were investigated among the patients entered for this study in 1974. "Pulses" with Vincristine-Prednisolone every second month were found to be more optimal than monthly "pulses".

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In Hungary, the morbidity of leukaemia in children aged 0 to 15 years is 3.6/100,000. The rate of complete remission was 88.5% in ALL and 57.1% in AML. The most important factors limiting survival were infections acquired during induction therapy in 91.3% and during Co irradiation in 66.3% of the patients.

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In the personality development controlled by complicated and numerous influences we searched for those characteristics which can be made responsible for infantile atrophy. In comparison with children of average development and of the same age we found that in addition to a somatic retardation the intellectual efficiency is impaired in 60 percent of the cases; we were also able to find disorders of the emotional circle. All of these result in the disharmony of personality. In the capacities for adaptation the narrow, familial, environmental influences appear to be of importance in that in contrast to children showing no somatic damages whatsoever these influences exert a greater effect. Those children, therefore, who had been suffering from atrophy are somatically determined and show slight adaptive difficulties due to environmental difficulties.

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