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BACKGROUND: The shortage of general practitioners (GPs) is a worsening problem in many countries and poses a threat to the services provided by primary care and by extension for the entire healthcare system. Issues with GP workforce recruitment and retention can be reasons for this shortage. OBJECTIVES: To describe GP trainees and newly qualified GPs experiences and perceptions on how their training and early experiences of work influence their career intentions in primary care in Estonia. METHODS: A qualitative study with GP trainees (n = 12) and newly qualified GPs (n = 13) using semi-structured group interviews (n = 6) was conducted. Interviews were conducted from October until November 2020. Data were analysed using thematic analysis with NVivo Software. RESULTS: Although early-career GPs in Estonia envision their future roles as GP practice owners with patient list, this is often postponed due to various reasons. Early-career GPs expressed a sense of unpreparedness to fill all the roles of GPs' and found the process of establishing a GP practice and taking on a patient lists very complicated. They value work-life balance and prefer workplaces, which offer flexible working conditions. CONCLUSION: Potential strategies were identified to enhance the willingness of early-career GPs to continue their career as GP practice owners with patient list: improving the GP training program by placing more emphasis on managing skills and making the process of establishing GP practice and taking on a patient list less bureaucratic and more accessible.

This study highlights the career intentions of GP trainees and newly qualified GPs in Estonia.Participants of this study perceive the many different roles of being a GP as very challenging.Understanding early-career GPs ideas about the future work environments can be helpful in shaping future workforce strategies.

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BACKGROUND: The shortage of GPs is a worldwide phenomenon, which encourages the migration of GPs and consequently exacerbates the GP shortage. This shortage imposes a threat for the entire healthcare system. AIM: To explore the driving forces of GPs' migration in Europe and their reasons to stay in the new country, to migrate further, or to return to their home country. DESIGN & SETTING: An exploratory, qualitative study of European GPs who have migrated within Europe. METHOD: Individual interviews were conducted until data saturation and audio-recordings were transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo. RESULTS: Fifteen interviews with GPs from eight different European countries were conducted. The reasons why European GPs migrate and decide to stay or to leave were grouped under the following three themes: professional development; personal reasons; and the situation in the home country or the organisation of health care. New professional challenges, better working environment, and higher quality training programmes were mentioned as the main reasons for migration. Personal reasons, such as family's satisfaction with the living environment, closeness to other family members, and financial considerations, seemed to influence the decision to stay or leave the most. CONCLUSION: Migration caused by dissatisfaction with the working and living environment is something countries could potentially work on in order to retain their GPs. As some countries in Europe rely more and more on international recruitment to combat the GP shortage, which in turn worsens the situation in other countries, a more unified Europe-wide approach to GP shortage and migration is needed.

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In the age of the Anthropocene, questions of ecological sustainability, animal ethics, and human health are intimately entangled. From a gender perspective, compared to women, men's diets tend to be less healthy and sustainable. This is linked to worse health outcomes for men. Therefore, alternative, more ethical ways of eating that have the potential to improve men's health and well-being and simultaneously contribute to better public health and sustainability outcomes should be encouraged. Veganism addresses issues of food, health, climate change, and animal justice simultaneously.This article explores vegan men's food practices in relation to health and well-being, drawing on qualitative interviews with 61 vegan men. The interview material was analyzed using the method of thematic analysis. Our findings suggest that becoming vegan encourages positive changes in men's health behavior. This includes paying more attention to nutrition and taking better care of one's health. Vegan men report experiencing better physical and mental well-being upon going vegan. Based on these findings, we argue that vegan men's food and health practices contribute to the emergence of healthier masculinities, as vegan men help to challenge links between risky health behavior and masculinity.

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