RESUMEN
Beginning in late 2023, Oropouche virus was identified as the cause of large outbreaks in Amazon regions with known endemic transmission and in new areas in South America and the Caribbean. The virus is spread to humans by infected biting midges and some mosquito species. Although infection typically causes a self-limited febrile illness, reports of two deaths in patients with Oropouche virus infection and vertical transmission associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes have raised concerns about the threat of this virus to human health. In addition to approximately 8,000 locally acquired cases in the Americas, travel-associated Oropouche virus disease cases have recently been identified in European travelers returning from Cuba and Brazil. As of August 16, 2024, a total of 21 Oropouche virus disease cases were identified among U.S. travelers returning from Cuba. Most patients initially experienced fever, myalgia, and headache, often with other symptoms including arthralgia, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, and rash. At least three patients had recurrent symptoms after the initial illness, a common characteristic of Oropouche virus disease. Clinicians and public health jurisdictions should be aware of the occurrence of Oropouche virus disease in U.S. travelers and request testing for suspected cases. Travelers should prevent insect bites when traveling, and pregnant persons should consider deferring travel to areas experiencing outbreaks of Oropouche virus disease.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bunyaviridae , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Orthobunyavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Viaje , Adulto Joven , Enfermedad Relacionada con los Viajes , Brotes de Enfermedades , Cuba/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The Pantanal hosts diverse wildlife species and therefore is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. A serosurvey for Mayaro virus (MAYV), eastern (EEEV), western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV) equine encephalitis viruses was conducted with 237 sheep, 87 free-ranging caimans and 748 equids, including 37 collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralisation test. From a total of 748 equids, of which 264 were immunised with vaccine composed of EEEV and WEEV and 484 had no history of immunisation, 10 (1.3%) were seropositive for MAYV and two (0.3%) for VEEV using criteria of a ≥ 4-fold antibody titre difference. Among the 484 equids without history of immunisation, 48 (9.9%) were seropositive for EEEV and four (0.8%) for WEEV using the same criteria. Among the sheep, five were sero- positive for equine encephalitis alphaviruses, with one (0.4%) for EEEV, one (0.4%) for WEEV and three (1.3%) for VEEV. Regarding free-ranging caimans, one (1.1%) and three (3.4%), respectively, had low titres for neutralising antibodies to VEEV and undetermined alphaviruses. The neurological disorder outbreak could not be linked to the alphaviruses tested. Our findings represent strong evidence that MAYV and all equine encephalitis alphaviruses circulated in the Pantanal.
Asunto(s)
Caimanes y Cocodrilos/inmunología , Alphavirus/inmunología , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inmunología , Ovinos/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Caimanes y Cocodrilos/sangre , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Este/inmunología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina Venezolana/inmunología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Oeste/inmunología , Encefalomielitis Equina Oriental/epidemiología , Encefalomielitis Equina Oriental/veterinaria , Encefalomielitis Equina Venezolana/epidemiología , Encefalomielitis Equina Venezolana/veterinaria , Encefalomielitis Equina del Oeste/epidemiología , Encefalomielitis Equina del Oeste/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/prevención & control , Caballos/sangre , Caballos/inmunología , Pruebas de Neutralización , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Ovinos/sangre , HumedalesRESUMEN
The Pantanal hosts diverse wildlife species and therefore is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. A serosurvey for Mayaro virus (MAYV), eastern (EEEV), western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV) equine encephalitis viruses was conducted with 237 sheep, 87 free-ranging caimans and 748 equids, including 37 collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralisation test. From a total of 748 equids, of which 264 were immunised with vaccine composed of EEEV and WEEV and 484 had no history of immunisation, 10 (1.3%) were seropositive for MAYV and two (0.3%) for VEEV using criteria of a ≥ 4-fold antibody titre difference. Among the 484 equids without history of immunisation, 48 (9.9%) were seropositive for EEEV and four (0.8%) for WEEV using the same criteria. Among the sheep, five were sero- positive for equine encephalitis alphaviruses, with one (0.4%) for EEEV, one (0.4%) for WEEV and three (1.3%) for VEEV. Regarding free-ranging caimans, one (1.1%) and three (3.4%), respectively, had low titres for neutralising antibodies to VEEV and undetermined alphaviruses. The neurological disorder outbreak could not be linked to the alphaviruses tested. Our findings represent strong evidence that MAYV and all equine encephalitis alphaviruses circulated in the Pantanal.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Flores/química , Hibiscus/química , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/economía , Bebidas/análisis , Bebidas/economía , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/análisis , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/economía , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/aislamiento & purificación , Fibras de la Dieta/economía , Alimentos Fortificados/economía , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos/economía , Residuos Industriales/economía , México , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/análisis , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/economía , Polisacáridos/análisis , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/economía , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , SolubilidadRESUMEN
A recent study reported neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from four ranches of southern Pantanal. To extend that study, a serosurvey for WNV and 11 Brazilian flaviviruses was conducted with 760 equines, 238 sheep and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches. Among the tested equines, 32 were collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. The sera were initially screened by using a blocking ELISA and then titrated by 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 flaviviruses. Employing the criterion of 4-fold greater titer, 78 (10.3%) equines were seropositive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, 24 (3.2%) for WNV, two (0.3%) for Cacipacore virus and one (0.1%) for Rocio virus. No serological evidence was found linking the neurological disease that affected local equines to WNV. All caimans and sheep were negative by blocking ELISA for flaviviruses. There were no seropositive equines for Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever and all four Dengue virus serotypes. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in ten ranches and ILHV and SLEV-seropositive equines in fourteen ranches of two different sub-regions of Pantanal is strong evidence of widespread circulation of these flaviviruses in the region.