RESUMEN
Background: Reliable national estimations for blindness and vision impairment are fundamental to assessing their burden and developing public health policies. However, no comprehensive analysis is available for Mexico. Therefore, in this observational study we describe the national burden of blindness and vision loss by cause and severity during 2019. Methods: Using public data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we present national prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) counts and crude and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 people) of total, severity- and cause-specific blindness and vision impairment with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) by sex and age group. Findings: In Mexico, the burden of blindness and vision impairment was estimated at 11.01 million (95% UI, 9.25-13.11) prevalent cases and 384.96 thousand (259.57-544.24) YLDs during 2019. Uncorrected presbyopia caused the highest burden (6.06 million cases, 4.36-8.08), whereas severe vision loss and blindness affected 619.40 thousand (539.40-717.73) and 513.84 thousand (450.59-570.98) people, respectively. Near vision loss and refraction disorders caused 78.7% of the cases, whereas neonatal disorders and age-related macular degeneration were among the least frequent. Refraction disorders were the main cause of moderate and severe vision loss (61.44 and 35.43%), and cataracts were the second most frequent cause of blindness (26.73%). Females suffered an overall higher burden of blindness and vision impairment (54.99% and 52.85% of the total cases and YLDs), and people >50 years of age suffered the highest burden, with people between 70 and 74 years being the most affected. Interpretation: Vision loss represents a public health problem in Mexico, with women and older people being the most affected. Although the causes of vision loss contribute differentially to the severity of visual impairment, most of the impairment is avoidable. Consequently, a concerted effort at different levels is needed to alleviate this burden. Funding: This study received no funding.
RESUMEN
The present study investigated the prevalence of ADHD in a school sample of children ages 6-11 years in the city of Panama. The assessment battery included the Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales, the Structured Developmental History of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). The prevalence of ADHD (N = 229) was 7.4%, with an estimate of 1.8% for the predominantly inattentive subtype, 3.1% for the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and 2.6% for the combined subtype. The prevalence rate of ADHD is relatively low in Panama compared to those reported for samples in neighboring countries. Moreover, ADHD children were unlikely to have been identified or referred to psychological or special education assessments. Our findings confirm that ADHD is overlooked in some cultures and that a significant number of children with ADHD-related impairments are not receiving optimal intervention.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Niño , Humanos , Panamá/epidemiología , Padres , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Instituciones Académicas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Se presenta un caso de pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa, ocurrido en un hospital general de mujeres. Se hace énfasis en el diagnóstico clínico diferencial, la histopatología, y la posibilidad del tratamiento médico oportuno por medio del conocimiento de la enfermedad y el diagnóstico por imágenes.