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Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mood disorder that increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS), emphasizing the need for mental and physical health treatments. Although many studies have linked atypical antipsychotics to metabolic disturbances, there is limited evidence linking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use to MS. This study aimed to assess the risk of MS among patients with MDD who were administered vortioxetine and fluoxetine. Methodology This was a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in the psychiatry department. Using computer-generated random numbers, the physician assigned fluoxetine 20 mg or vortioxetine 10 mg and recorded MS parameters at baseline and each visit (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks). This study was registered with CTRI (CTRI/2021/07/034892). Results A total of 122 participants were allocated randomly to the following two groups: group A (n = 60) and group B (n = 62). An independent-sample t-test showed a significant improvement in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at week eight (p = 0.005), triglycerides (TGs) at week 16 (p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at week 20 (p = 0.005), and waist circumference at week 24 (p = 0.005) in group A compared to group B. However, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were not significantly associated with either group (p = 0.126 and p = 0.793, respectively). Overall depression remission (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)) and medication adherence rating scale scores were similar between groups (p = 0.337 and 0.325, respectively). Furthermore, most adverse drug reactions were possibly associated with the study drugs. Conclusions In comparison to group B, group A showed significant improvements in FPG, HDL, and waist circumference more effectively; however, both groups led to higher TG levels, with non-significant numerical improvements observed in SBP and DBP in both groups. In addition, both treatment groups reduced the HAM-D score and had a similar MDD remission rate.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is both a colonizer as well as a human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases. Mupirocin is a topical antimicrobial agent which is very effective against S.aureus infection. However, treating the S.aureus infection using mupirocin could be complicated due to biofilm formation. Consequently, resistance to mupirocin occurs and leads to chronic infection. The combination of mupirocin with a compound that has biofilm eradicating effect would be an ideal solution for effectively treating biofilm infections. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the biofilm inhibitory and eradication effect of mupirocin with three essential oils (Cinnamon Oil (CO), Eugenol (EU) and Eucalyptus Oil (EO)) against sessile S.aureus. From these preliminary results, it was found that the mupirocin-CO (0.2 µg/ml-5.218 mg/ml) combination has a better synergistic antibiofilm effect against sessile S.aureus and the fractional inhibitory concentration index was found to be 0.458. The best combination of mupirocin with CO was loaded into a non-greasy O/W cream. The physico-chemical and microbiological evaluations were carried out for the prepared cream. The prepared cream has better biofilm eradication activity (40%) when compared to a marketed cream (20%).

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INTRODUCTION: Drug-Drug interactions (DDI) may cause considerable adverse drug reactions and potentially lead to an increased or decreased clinical effect of a given drug and increases the cost of management. Cancer patients are at high risk of such DDIs because they commonly receive a high number of drugs concomitantly, including other cytotoxic agents, hormonal agents, targeted agents, and supportive care agents among medication prescribed to treat comorbidities, especially for elderly patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of comorbidities and the role of clinical pharmacist in preventing DDIs in a group of cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective - observational study was conducted in a multispecialty hospital for a period of 8 months among 100 cancer inpatients of oncology department. DDIs were analyzed using Medscape Drug Interaction checker. RESULTS: In this study, 65 DDIs were identified from 100 patients. Of all DDIs, 33.85% were major, 60% were moderate, and 6.15% were minor DDIs. Clinically significant (55.38 %) DDIs were reported and 69.44% of those were accepted and modified accordingly. Furthermore, we observed 50.77% of DDIs between co administered drugs. Elderly people (48%) have more comorbidity such as diabetes (30%) and hypertension (17.81%). CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that DDIs are very common in cancer patients, particularly people with more co morbidities and using multiple medicines. Clinical pharmacist and physicians must work together to extend the practice of preventing DDIs on individual patient management to improve their quality of life

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las interacciones medicamentosas (DDI) pueden causar reacciones adversas considerables a los medicamentos y, potencialmente, pueden provocar un aumento o disminución del efecto clínico de un medicamento dado y aumentan los costos de administración. Los pacientes con cáncer tienen un alto riesgo de tales interacciones porque comúnmente reciben una gran cantidad de medicamentos concomitantes, incluidos otros agentes citotóxicos, agentes hormonales, agentes dirigidos y agentes de atención de apoyo entre los medicamentos prescritos para tratar las comorbilidades, especialmente en pacientes ancianos. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la incidencia de comorbilidades y el papel del farmacéutico clínico en la prevención de interacciones entre medicamentos en un grupo de pacientes con cáncer. Materiales y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo - observacional en un hospital de múltiples especialidades durante un período de 8 meses entre 100 pacientes hospitalizados con cáncer del departamento de oncología. Las interacciones de fármaco - fármaco se analizaron utilizando el comprobador de interacción de medicamentos de Medscape. RESULTADOS: En este estudio, se identificaron 65 interacciones de 100 pacientes. De todas las interacciones entre medicamentos, 33,85% fueron mayores, 60% fueron moderadas y 6,15% fueron interacciones menores. Se informaron interacciones clínicamente significativas (55,38%) y el 69,44% de ellas se aceptaron y modificaronen consecuencia. Además, observamos el 50,77% de las interacciones entre los fármacos coadministrados. Las personas mayores (48%) tienen más comorbilidad, como diabetes (30%) e hipertensión (17,81%). CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio concluyó que las interacciones entre medicamentos son muy comunes en pacientes con cáncer, especialmenteen personas con más comorbilidades y que usan múltiples medicamentos. El farmacéutico clínico y los médicos deben trabajar juntos para ampliar la práctica de prevención de interaccion es entre medicamentos en el manejo individual del paciente para mejorar su calidad de vida

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BACKGROUND: Combined plant extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Croton tiglium, and Zingiber officinale are reported to have potential pharmacological applications. Ethosomes have a unique ability of encapsulating drugs or plant extracts with varying hydrophobicities in the phospholipid bilayer. AIM: To explore cytotoxicity of the combined plant extracts and ethosome loaded combined plant extracts for topical delivery. To study effect of ethosomes loaded combined plant extracts using HaCaT cells model treated with testosterone. METHODS: Dried powder of plant was extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet and cold macerations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined using established methods. The combined extract loaded ethosome formulation was prepared by solvent dispersion method. RESULTS: The plant extracts loaded ethosomes formulation with a vesicle size range 1524.6-167.7 nm was prepared. HaCaT cells treated with testosterone negative control showed an IC50 value of 27 ± 1.0. Thw standard marketed topical minoxidil (1% solution) treated cells with testosterone showed an IC50 value 33 ± 1.0 and the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes with testosterone showed an IC50 value 30 ± 1.0. Morphological alterations of rat skin exposed to the combined plant extract loaded ethosomes solution were assessed and compared with untreated skin and negative control. CONCLUSION: The preclinical safety was investigated employing an in vitro cytotoxicity and histopathological study. The cell line study results confirmed that the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes inhibits testosterone and increase cell viability closer to that of standard drug minoxidil. According to our histopathological study, the combined plant extract loaded ethosomal formulations did not cause any damage to the rat skin layer.

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Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of intensive diabetes therapy, a true medical emergency, which requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent organ and brain damage. Therefore, knowledge about diabetes can play an important role in maintaining glycemia control and prevent hypoglycemic complications. Aim: The aim of the study is to develop and assess the impact of patient information leaflets to prevent hypoglycemia in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to study the effect of prescribed drugs pattern in patients. Material & Methods: This open labelled, interventional study was conducted in the endocrinology Out Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 9 months in 55 patients. The information was provided to patients through a developed patient information leaflet and their awareness and glycemic status were assessed by an internally institution developed vernacular language based validated questionnaire. The questionnaire with four different dimensions patient knowledge, glycemic control, compliance and life style was quantified in the study. Results: The study showed statistically significant (P<0.05) improvement in knowledge and glycemic control in male patients and in knowledge, compliance, and glycemic control for female patients. Literate patients showed more significant improvement in knowledge, compliance, life style, and glycemic control than illiterate patients. Conclusions: Results of the study suggested that pharmacist provided patient education and awareness helped type 2 diabetic hypoglycemic patients to improve knowledge and glycaemic control

La hipoglucemia es una complicación importante de la terapia intensiva de la diabetes, una verdadera emergencia médica, que requiere un reconocimiento y tratamiento rápidos para prevenir el daño cerebral y de órganos. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre la diabetes puede desempeñar un papel importante en el mantenimiento del control de la glucemia y prevenir las complicaciones hipoglucémicas. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es desarrollar y evaluar el impacto de los folletos de información al paciente para prevenir la hipoglucemia en pacientes ambulatorios con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y estudiar el efecto del patrón de medicamentos recetados en los pacientes. Material y métodos: Este estudio abierto de intervención abierta se realizó en el Departamento de pacientes ambulatorios (OPD) de endocrinología en un hospital de atención terciaria durante un período de 9 meses en 55 pacientes. La información se proporcionó a los pacientes a través de un folleto de información al paciente y su conocimiento y estado glucémico se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario validado basado en el lenguaje vernáculo desarrollado internamente en una institución. El cuestionario con cuatro dimensiones diferentes de conocimiento del paciente, control glucémico, cumplimiento y estilo de vida se cuantificó en el estudio. Resultados: El estudio mostró una mejora, estadísticamente significativa (P <0,05), en el conocimiento y el control glucémico en pacientes masculinos y en el conocimiento, el cumplimiento y el control glucémico en pacientes femeninos. Los pacientes alfabetizados mostraron una mejora más significativa en el conocimiento, el cumplimiento, el estilo de vida y el control glucémico que los pacientes analfabetos. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio sugirieron que el farmacéutico brindó a los pacientes con hipoglucemia diabética tipo 2 información y conciencia para mejorar el conocimiento y el control glucémico

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