RESUMEN
Background: The anconeus epitrochlearis muscle is an anatomical variant prevalent in amphibians but unusual in humans. In favorable cases, this muscle provides protection to the cubital nerve but can result in neuropathy due to compression of the cubital nerve. Case Description: We present two cases with different clinical manifestations but both did not respond to conservative treatment. We opted for a surgical decompression where the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle was found intraoperatively, and the muscle fibers were dissected. Conclusion: Considering the presence of the muscle variant is the key point to intraoperatively achieve a complete dissection of the muscle fibers of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle variant and obtain the decompression of the cubital nerve with satisfactory postoperative results.
RESUMEN
Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Extracranial metastases are very rare, been described in the lungs, soft tissue, or the intraspinal space. Case Description: Through a PubMed-based bibliographic search, the authors reviewed the cases reported in the literature to date, emphasizing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this rare condition. A clinical case of a 46-year-old man with an initial diagnosis of gliosarcoma, who received complete surgical and adjuvant treatment and later recurred as GB with incidental finding of a lung tumor, whose pathology reported metastasis of the primary, is illustrated. Conclusion: Understanding the pathophysiology, it is likely that the incidence of extraneural metastases may continue to increase. Considering improvements in diagnostic techniques that allow early diagnosis, as well as advances in neurosurgical therapy and multimodal management with the aim of improving patient survival, the period in which malignant cells can spread and form extracranial metastases could increase. When screening should be performed to detect metastases in these patients is still not clear. The neuro-oncologists should pay attention to the systematic survey for extraneural metastasis of the GB. Timely detection and early treatment improve overall quality of patients' life.