RESUMEN
While various bariatric surgeries are commonplace in obesity medicine for humans, these techniques have not been commonly used in veterinary medicine. A technique used in humans consists in endoscopically placing an intragastric balloon. The intragastric balloon takes volume in the stomach causing a feeling of satiety and reducing food intake. A 57.6 kg, 9-year-old neutered female Labrador dog with chronic hypothyroidism was presented for overweight management. Combined levothyroxine treatment and dietary management with specific alimentation for obesity had failed to control overweight. An intragastric balloon was placed endoscopically in the stomach to allow the reduction of the gastric capacity and resulted in effective weight loss. The dog weight decreased to 40.9 kg at the time of intragastric balloon removal 198 days after placement. Further research including a larger sample size and long term follow-up is required to establish safety and effectiveness of this procedure.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica , Enfermedades de los Perros , Balón Gástrico , Obesidad Mórbida , Animales , Cirugía Bariátrica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Perros , Femenino , Balón Gástrico/veterinaria , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/veterinaria , Obesidad Mórbida/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
CASE REPORT: An atlanto-occipital instability secondary to a dog bite was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Persian cat. Dorsal stabilisation of the instability was made with two OrthoFiber prostheses (Securos), which were used as tension bands between the nuchal crests of the occipital bone and the spinous process of the axis. Total recovery was achieved 4 days after surgery. Normal alignment of the atlanto-occipital joint was observed on survey radiographs taken 6 weeks post-surgery. Although the right loop had failed, the alignment was still normal and no neurological after-effects could be identified. CONCLUSION: Dorsal divergent tension bands between the nuchal crests of the occipital bone and the spinous process of the axis can be used to stabilise traumatic atlanto-occipital instability.
Asunto(s)
Articulación Atlantooccipital/cirugía , Gatos/lesiones , Gatos/cirugía , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/veterinaria , Animales , Articulación Atlantooccipital/lesiones , Mordeduras y Picaduras/cirugía , Mordeduras y Picaduras/veterinaria , Vértebras Cervicales/lesiones , Perros , Masculino , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: 1) To provide specific quantitative data of tibial conformation in Labrador Retrievers and Yorkshire Terriers; 2) To compare the tibial conformation of these two breeds; and 3) To compare these data with previously reported data. METHODS: Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle were obtained from 30 consecutive Labrador Retrievers and 30 consecutive Yorkshire Terriers with an angle of extension of 135°. The tibial plateau angle (TPA), the angle between the tibial plateau and the patellar tendon (PTA), the Z angle, the distal tibial axis/proximal tibial axis angle (DPA), and the relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW) were measured and compared among the two breeds. RESULTS: The breed had a significant effect on all of the measured variables (p <0.01): Labrador Retrievers had a lower TPA (25 ± 3° compared to 30 ± 4°), a lower Z angle (58.8 ± 3.2° compared to 69.2 ± 4.5°), a lower DPA (4.5 ± 2.3° compared to 10.8 ± 4.3°), and a lower rTTW (0.74 ± 0.1 compared to 0.86 ± 0.1) than Yorkshire Terriers. The PTA was greater in Labrador Retrievers compared to Yorkshire Terriers (106.9 ± 3.9° compared to 103.7 ± 6.5°). Four correlations were found to be significant: the DPA angle was correlated with the TPA, the Z angle, and the rTTW. The TPA was also correlated with the Z angle. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The variation in tibial conformation between breeds should be taken into account when studying the role of each measured parameter in the pathology of cruciate disease. When the relevance of each of the aforementioned measured parameters is better understood, it may help determine the most appropriate surgical treatment.
Asunto(s)
Tamaño Corporal , Perros/anatomía & histología , Tibia/anatomía & histología , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Rodilla de Cuadrúpedos/anatomía & histologíaAsunto(s)
Desoxirribonucleasas de Localización Especificada Tipo II/metabolismo , Sialiltransferasas/genética , Porcinos/genética , Animales , Exones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , beta-D-Galactósido alfa 2-6-SialiltransferasaRESUMEN
Viruses can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations, and therefore, viral infection of the brain can impair differentiated neural functions, depending on the initial viral tropism. We have previously reported that canine distemper virus (CDV) targets certain mouse brain structures, including the hypothalamus, early and selectively. Infected mice exhibit acute encephalitis, with late disease, characterized by motor impairment or obesity syndrome, appearing in some of the surviving mice several months after the initial viral replication. In the present study, we show viral persistence in the hypothalami of obese mice, as demonstrated by low, but still significant, levels of CDV nucleoprotein transcripts, associated with a dramatic decrease in F gene mRNAs. Given the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in obesity (eating behavior, energy consumption, and neuroendocrine function) and that of leptin, the adipose tissue-derived satiety factor acting through hypothalamic receptors, we analyzed the leptin networks in both obese and nonobese mice. The discrepancy found between the chronic and dramatic increase in blood leptin levels and the occurrence of obesity may be due to leptin resistance in the brain. In fact, expression of the long leptin receptor isoform, representing the functional leptin receptor, was specifically downregulated in the hypothalami of obese mice, explaining their inability to generate an adequate response to leptin in the brain. Intriguingly, during the acute phase of infection, its expression was increased in CDV-targeted structures in all infected mice and remained high in obese mice in all CDV-targeted structures, except for the hypothalamus. The biphasic change in hypothalamic leptin receptor expression seen during the progression of CDV-induced obesity provides a new paradigm for understanding mechanisms of neuroendocrinological, virus-induced abnormalities.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Virus del Moquillo Canino/fisiología , Obesidad Mórbida/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Animales , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , Moquillo/metabolismo , Moquillo/patología , Moquillo/fisiopatología , Perros , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/patología , Hipotálamo/fisiopatología , Insulina/sangre , Leptina , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad Mórbida/patología , Obesidad Mórbida/fisiopatología , Obesidad Mórbida/virología , Receptores de Leptina , Células Vero , Proteínas Virales de Fusión/biosíntesis , Proteínas Virales de Fusión/genéticaRESUMEN
Enteropathogenic K88 fimbricated E. coli colonize the piglet small intestine. In swine, it has been previously established that some pigs lack intestinal receptors for K88 lectins and that these animals are resistant to infections by K88-positive E. coli. The receptor is inherited as a simple mendelian character. The interactions established between the glycoconjugate receptors of pig brush borders and K88 lectins are mediated by O- and N-linked glycoproteins which differ between adhesive and non-adhesive piglets. In this study the adhesion of E. coli K88+ in crossbred F2 (LW x MS) x (LW x MS) populations. By using in vitro brush border test, we observed modulation of the adhesion of K88 fimbriae and distinguished high and low affinity receptors. Furthermore, we correlated the attachment with glycoprotein pattern of epithelial cells and mucus. Epithelial cells and mucus contained several glycopeptides (from 42 to 74 kDa) recognized by K88ab fimbriae. The 74 kDa glycoprotein was characteristic of adhesive phenotype and was a mucosal transferrin (iTf). It appeared that iTf was more abundant in adhesive intestines than in non-adhesive ones, suggesting that susceptibility/resistance phenotype could be related to iron metabolism in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, we visualized the intestinal transferrin receptors on the brush border membrane of epithelial cells, probably implicated in iron absorption.