RESUMEN
Although psychopathy is a correlate of recidivism, including violent offending, the inclusion of antisocial behavior items in the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) assessment instruments has been debated. Further, the latent factor structure underpinning the PCL measures has not been comprehensively validated in Australia. This study examined the construct validity of the PCL:SV in a sample of 192 Australian male violent offenders using structural equation modeling. The incremental validity of including the antisocial behavior items for predicting recidivism was also assessed. Approximately one-third of the sample had high scores on the PCL:SV. Construct analyses indicated strongest support for two distinct three-factor models of PCL psychopathy, with the established two- and four-factor models demonstrating poorer fit. The Antisocial factor improved predictive accuracy incrementally relative to the other three factors (Interpersonal, Affective, and Lifestyle). Area under the curve analyses revealed predictive accuracy for recidivism only for factors containing the antisocial behavior items. Findings contribute to the construct and predictive validity of the PCL measures and are discussed relative to contemporary forensic risk assessment practice.
Asunto(s)
Criminales , Prisioneros , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/diagnóstico , Australia , Lista de Verificación , Humanos , Masculino , ViolenciaRESUMEN
Neuroimaging is being increasingly applied to the study of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to uncover the neurobiological correlates of delayed recovery post-injury. The aims of this systematic review were to: (i) evaluate the neuroimaging research investigating neuropathology post-mTBI in children and adolescents from 0-18 years, (ii) assess the relationship between advanced neuroimaging abnormalities and PCS in children, (iii) assess the quality of the evidence by evaluating study methodology and reporting against best practice guidelines, and (iv) provide directions for future research. A literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed was conducted. Abstracts and titles were screened, followed by full review of remaining articles where specific eligibility criteria were applied. This systematic review identified 58 imaging studies which met criteria. Based on several factors including methodological heterogeneity and relatively small sample sizes, the literature currently provides insufficient evidence to draw meaningful conclusions about the relationship between MRI findings and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed which incorporates prospective, longitudinal designs, minimises potential confounds and utilises multimodal imaging techniques.