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THE AIM: The studying of physical-chemical qualities of liver bile and lipid exchange before and after cholecystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We spent the complex investigation of physical-chemical qualities of bile and lipid levels in 210 patients with cholelithiasis stage I (pre-stone) and in 90 patients with cholelithiasis stage II and III (with gallstones) after cholecystectomy. THE RESULTS: In all examined patients we revealed disturbances of physical-chemical qualities of bile and lipid exchange. With correlation analysis it was found that bile lithogenity increases in high bile density, in progressing of inflammation process in bile ducts, in increasing of aterogene fractions of blood cholesterol. CONCLUSION: After cholecystectomy in liver-cells dyscholia the ability to stones formation preserves. It means that patients after cholecystectomy need in following-up with using of prophylactic measures to restoring of bile-formation.

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An influence of different muscle relaxants on muscle tone and functional rehabilitation has been studied in 360 post-stroke patients. Muscle tone has been assessed with the Ashworth scale and functional rehabilitation with Barthel, Lindmark and Scandinavian scales as well as the Merton & Sutton scale. Efficacy of muscle relaxants has been assessed by the 2 min. walking test. Moreover, we suggested a coefficient for calculating drug efficacy. The results of the study revealed that tolperisone was the most efficient in the treatment of post-stroke patients with spasticity. Tizanidine was also effective but to a lesser extent. Other drugs studied did not reveal any significant effect. Tolperisone had a good tolerability, the adverse effects in patients treated with this drug were registered more rarely compared to other ones.

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Thirty-five specimens of pasteurized milk were tested for bacterial contamination by rapid autocalibration photometry for liquid, semiliquid, and homogenized hard foodstuffs, developed by the Ecotest Firm, Russia. Photometric (turbidimetric) analysis was carried out using the Labsystems (Finland) iEMS Reader plate photometer and Russian Analitika BACT software. The results of traditional analysis and the new rapid method developed by Ecotest were in good correlation, the differences did not surpass the magnitude of errors of measurements. The new method takes just 10-15 h instead of the routine 72 h and requires 300 times less nutrient media.

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The effect of cyclozyl and amizyl on the activity of soluble and membrane-bound neuraminidase of the rat brain is studied in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Within 60 min after subcutaneous injection of cyclozyl in a dose of 0.5 microgram/kg of body weight the activity of soluble neuraminidase decreased by 45.5% whereas the activity of membrane-bound neuraminidase remained the same. In the experiments in vitro the activity of both enzyme forms did not change when the content of cyclozyl and mixture of general gangliosides in the incubation media was 2.0, 20.0, and 200.0 micrograms. Amizyl (2 micrograms) in the presence of general gangliosides increased the neuraminidase activity whereas in the presence of disialoganglioside GD1b reduced the activity. Various lipids (phospholipids, phospholipids + cholesterol, cerebroside + sulfatides) surrounding the enzyme exerted different effect on the activity of both neuraminidase forms. Thus we suggest active interaction of the system "gangliosides-soluble and membrane-bound neuraminidase" with M-cholinolytics (cyclozyl and amizyl) and important role of this "substate-enzyme" system in M-cholinoreceptor functioning.

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In rats adapted to hypoxia, in gradual increase of CO and decrease in monosialogangliosides, were shown as well as insufficient accumulation of the lipid peroxidation products. The data suggests that carbon dioxide is a natural element of the organism antioxidant defence system.

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The paper deals with the content and composition of brain gangliosides under two forms of acute hypoxia, hypoxic and hemic ones which develop as a result of the effect of gradually increasing concentration of CO2, decreasing concentration of O2 and external cooling (1st form) and parenteral introduction of sodium nitrite (2nd form). The increase of a sum of polysialogangliosides and decrease of monosialogangliosides under the 1st and 2nd forms of acute hypoxia, respectively, is shown. The increase of the content of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids with the great number of carbon atoms as well as the products of lipids peroxidation is more expressed under the 2nd form of hypoxia. The decrease of antioxidative power of blood is also noticed. It is supposed that polysialogangliosides possess antiperoxide effect and preserve neuronal membranes for destruction under acute form of hypoxia.

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The paper is concerned with the results of determination of a value of Na+/H(+)-metabolism in 66 patients with arterial hypertension of different genesis, including 21 patients with stage 11 essential hypertension, 8 patients with renal hypertension, 25 patients with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome or disease, 7 patients with pheochromocytoma, and 5 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. The control group consisted of 11 healthy persons without predisposition to essential hypertension. It was shown that a value of Na+/H(+)-metabolism in patients with essential hypertension exceeded a 3.8-fold the control values. In patients with hyperglucocorticism, pheochromocytoma, arterial hypertension of renal genesis, the rate of Na+/H(+)-metabolism was significantly decreased as compared to that of a group of patients with essential hypertension. It could be used in differential diagnosis of the hypertensive syndrome. The problem of the diagnostic value of this indicator in primary hyperaldosteronism needs further investigation.

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A comparative analysis of thyroid and calcium regulating functions in the diffuse toxic goiter was performed. At the initial stage TSH reaction to TRH was on a decrease in parallel with a sharp increase in the content of T4 T3. Two-third of the patients revealed an increase in the level of calcitonin resulting in an increase in the ratio of calcitropic hormones. In that case the content of ionized calcium was not increased. In one-third of the patients the level of calcitonin showed a tendency to a decrease in the normal ratio of calcitropic hormones not accompanied by change in the level of ionized calcium. In neurocirculatory dystonia polymorphism of clinical manifestation was accompanied by great variations (both rising and lowering tendencies) of all indices.

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Immunization with purified and concentrated staphylococcal toxoid leads to the rapid 12-fold rise of the level of anti-alpha-toxin and to the 17-fold rise of the titres of antibodies to extracellular staphylococcal products. At the period of immunization phasic changes in cell-mediated and humoral immunity characteristics, indicative of the state of the nonspecific resistance system, can be observed. These changes consist in the transient suppression of phagocytosis, including a decrease in the activity of intraleukocytic bactericidal systems (myeloperoxidase and cation protein), a decrease in the activity of the complement and the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, which should be taken into account when using this immune preparation for therapy.

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Analysis was made of the correlation between the clinical manifestations of hypothyrosis and thyroid calcium-regulating activity. In diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland the employment of mathematical analysis of hypothyrosis symptoms and thyrotropin-releasing hormone test promoted the early diagnosis of hypothyrosis and helped to reveal its pathogenesis (primary, hypophyseal, hypothalamic). In primary hypothyrosis, when the basal level of thyrotropin and its reaction to TRH was increased, depressed levels of parathormone and thyroxin-binding globulin were observed. A tendency towards elevation in the production of calcitonin was recorded in all mild forms of the disease.

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