RESUMEN
Resumen Antecedentes: Las micotoxinas representan pérdidas económicas significativas para la industria porcina, por lo que los adsorbentes de pared celular de levadura son una alternativa para reducir este problema. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de un aditivo anti-micotoxinas (AAM; Safmannan®) en la prevención de micotoxicosis resultante de la ingesta de zearalenona (ZEA). Métodos: Fueron utilizadas 36 hembras porcinas jóvenes, cuyas dietas incorporaron dos niveles de inclusión del AAM (basado en la pared celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 0 y 0,2%) y tres niveles de inclusión de ZEA (0, 0,25 y 0,6 ppm). El ensayo tuvo una duración total de 21 d, durante los cuales se efectuaron evaluaciones semanales de peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y el volumen de la vulva. Igualmente, se midieron los pesos relativos de hígado, tracto reproductivo total y el conjunto útero-ovario-vagina. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos comprueban la eficacia del AMA utilizado, toda vez que su suplementación evitó los efectos tóxicos de ZEA y mejoró los índices en órganos reproductivos como el volumen de la vulva, peso relativo del tracto reproductivo y el conjunto útero-ovario-vagina en animales intoxicados. Sin embargo, los efectos anti-micotoxinas fueron fijos para ambos niveles (0,25 y 0,6 ppm) de ZEA. Conclusión: La adición de AAM en las dietas que contienen ZEA demostró ser una alternativa eficiente para reducir los efectos tóxicos de esta micotoxina.
Abstract Background: Mycotoxins are a significant cause of economic losses in swine farming and adsorbents based on yeast cell walls provide an alternative solution to reducing this challenge. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an antimycotoxin additive (AMA; Safmannan®) for preventing the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEA). Methods: A total of 36 pre-pubertal gilts were used, whose diets consisted of two different levels of AMA (based on the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 0 and 0.2%) and three inclusion levels of ZEA (0, 0.25, and 0.6 ppm). The experiment was conducted for a period of 21 d and the following parameters were measured weekly: Live weight, weight gain, feed intake, and vulvar volume. The relative weight of the liver and the entire reproductive tract, including the uterus-ovary-vagina combined were also measured. Results: There was a significant enhancement in the index characteristics of reproductive organs like vulvar volume, weight of the entire reproductive tract and weight of the uterus-ovary-vagina of the intoxicated animals. The antimycotoxin effects were the same, irrespective of the ZEA levels (0.25 and 0.6 ppm). Conclusion: The addition of AMA to diets containing ZEA proved to be an effective alternative for reducing the toxic effects of this mycotoxin.
Resumo Antecedentes: As micotoxinas determinam perdas econômicas importantes para suinocultura e os adsorventes à base de parede celular de leveduras são uma alternativa para reduzir este problema. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um aditivo anti-micotoxina (AAM; Safmannan®) na prevenção da micotoxicose decorrente da ingestão de zearalenona (ZEA). Métodos: Foram utilizadas 36 leitoas pré-púberes, cujas dietas apresentaram dois níveis de inclusão de AAM (à base de parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 0 e 0,2%) e três níveis de inclusão de ZEA (0, 0,25 e 0,6 ppm). O período experimental teve duração total de 21 d, sendo realizadas avaliações semanais de peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e volume vulvar. Pesos relativos de fígado, trato reprodutivo total e o conjunto útero-ovário-vagina também foram calculados. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficácia do AAM, pois a sua inclusão demonstrou prevenir os efeitos tóxicos da ZEA, já que os índices em órgãos reprodutivos como volume vulvar, peso relativo do trato reprodutivo total e do conjunto útero-ovário-vagina foram maiores nos animais intoxicados e sem suplementação. Porém, o efeito anti-micotoxina foi fixo, sendo o mesmo para os dois níveis de ZEA (0.25 e 0.6 ppm). Conclusão: A adição do AAM em questão nas dietas contendo ZEA demonstrou ser uma alternativa eficiente para redução dos efeitos tóxicos desta micotoxina.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Remirea maritima has been widely used in the treatment of diarrhea, kidney disease, and high fever and for therapeutic purposes, such as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. However, few scientific research studies on its medicinal properties have been reported. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of aqueous extract (AE), 40% hydroalcoholic extracts (40HA) and 70% (70HA) from R. maritima in experimental models and to identify its phytochemical compounds. METHODS: The chemical composition of AE, 40HA and 70HA was assessed by HPLC-DAD and ESI-IT-MS/MS. In vitro activity was determined on cultured tumor cell, NCI-H385N (Broncho-alveolar carcinoma), OVCAR-8 (Ovarian carcinoma) and PC-3M (prostate carcinoma) by the MTT assay, and the in vivo antitumor activity was assessed in Sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Toxicological parameters were also evaluated as well as the humoral immune response. RESULTS: Among the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of R. maritima, only 40HA showed in vitro biological effect potential, presenting IC50 values of 27.08, 46.62 and >50µg/ml for OVCAR-8, NCI-H385M and PC-3M cells lines, respectively. Regarding chemical composition, a mixture of isovitexin-2''-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin-2''-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-ß-D-glucose were identified as the major phytochemical compounds of the extracts. In the in vivo study, the tumor inhibition rates were 57.16-62.57% at doses of 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg, respectively, and the tumor morphology presented increasing numbers of apoptotic cells. Additionally, 40HA also demonstrated significantly increased of OVA-specific total Ig. CONCLUSIONS: 40HA exhibited in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties without substantial toxicity that could be associated with its immunostimulating properties.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cyperaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Etanol , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Solventes , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , AguaRESUMEN
Remirea maritima is a tropical plant with a reticulated root system belonging to the family Cyperaceae, also known to have biologically active secondary metabolites. However, very few data on R. maritima's biological actions are available and there are no reports regarding the redox-active profile of this plant. In this study, we examined the total phenolic content of Remirea maritima hydroalcoholic (RMHA) extracts, redox properties against different reactive species generated in vitro and their cytotoxic effect against fibroblasts (L929) and melanoma (B16F10) cells. Total reactive antioxidant potential index (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) results revealed that RMHA at all concentrations tested showed significant antioxidant capacity. RMHA was also effective against hydroxyl radical formation, reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and in scavenging nitric oxide (NO) radicals. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxidation was reduced by RMHA extract and the data showed significant oxidative damage protection. The RMHA cytotoxicity was evaluated by a neutral red assay in fibroblast (L929) and melanome (B16F10) cells. The obtained results showed that the RMHA (40 and 80 µg/mL, respectively) reduced 70% of the viable cells. In conclusion, this study represents the first report regarding the antioxidant and anti-proliferative potential of R. maritima against B16F10 melanoma cells.