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Ganoderma lingzhi is widely reported for its medicinal properties, presenting several bioactive substances with potential pharmaceutical and industrial application. This study aimed to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass, extracellular enzymes and antioxidant compounds by G. lingzhi under submerged fermentation. G. lingzhi was cultured in Polysaccharide (POL) and Melin-Norkrans (MNM) media for 7 days. The cellulases, xylanases, pectinases, laccases, and proteases activities were quantified in the culture broth, while the antioxidant potential was evaluated for the mycelial biomass. G. lingzhi showed higher biomass production in MNM. However, it exhibited similar microstructural characteristics in both culture media. In the POL there was greater activity of CMCase (0.229 U/mL), xylanase (0.780 U/mL), pectinase (0.447 U/mL) and proteases (16.13 U/mL). FPase did not differ (0.01 U/mL), and laccase was detected only in MNM (0.122 U/mL). The biomass water extract from MNM showed high levels of phenolic compounds (951.97 mg AGE/100 g). DPPH• inhibition (90.55%) and reducing power (0.456) were higher in MNM medium, while ABTS•+ inhibition (99.95%) and chelating ability (54.86%) were higher in POL. Thus, the MNM medium was more favorable to the production of mycelial biomass and phenolic compounds, while the POL medium favored the synthesis and excretion of hydrolytic enzymes.

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized as a source of biomolecules with pharmacological properties, however, little is known about the factors that influence the synthesis of bioactive proteins by this fungus when cultivated under submerged fermentation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass and intracellular proteases and protease inhibitors by G. lucidum cultivated under different submerged fermentation conditions. The cultivation was carried out in a medium composed of glucose (10 or 20 g.L-1), soy peptone (2.5 or 5 g.L-1) and yeast extract (5 g.L-1), with incubation under agitation (120 rpm) and non-agitation, totaling 8 experimental conditions. Biomass production was determined from the dry weight, while glucose consumption was estimated by quantification of reducing sugars. The proteins were extracted in NaCl (0.15 M), and the protein extracts were submitted to protein quantification by the Bradford method, total proteolytic activity using azocasein, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity in Petri dishes, activity of serine (trypsin and chymotrypsin) and cysteine (papain) protease inhibitors. Cultivation in agitated condition showed higher biomass production with a maximum value of 7 g.L-1, in addition to higher activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain inhibitors, with 154 IU.mg-1, 153 IU.mg-1 e 343 IU.mg-1 of protein, respectively. The non-agitated condition showed a greater potential for obtaining proteins, total proteases, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes, with maximum values of 433 mg.g-1 of extract, 71 U.mL-1 of extract, 63.62 mm2 and 50.27 mm2, respectively. Thus, a medium composed of soy peptone, yest extract and glucose in a 1:2:4 proportion is recommended, under agitation to produce protease inhibitors, and the non-agitated condition when the target is, mainly caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes.

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized as a source of biomolecules with pharmacological properties, however, little is known about the factors that influence the synthesis of bioactive proteins by this fungus when cultivated under submerged fermentation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass and intracellular proteases and protease inhibitors by G. lucidum cultivated under different submerged fermentation conditions. The cultivation was carried out in a medium composed of glucose (10 or 20 g.L-1), soy peptone (2.5 or 5 g.L-1) and yeast extract (5 g.L-1), with incubation under agitation (120 rpm) and non-agitation, totaling 8 experimental conditions. Biomass production was determined from the dry weight, while glucose consumption was estimated by quantification of reducing sugars. The proteins were extracted in NaCl (0.15 M), and the protein extracts were submitted to protein quantification by the Bradford method, total proteolytic activity using azocasein, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity in Petri dishes, activity of serine (trypsin and chymotrypsin) and cysteine (papain) protease inhibitors. Cultivation in agitated condition showed higher biomass production with a maximum value of 7 g.L-1, in addition to higher activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain inhibitors, with 154 IU.mg-1, 153 IU.mg-1 e 343 IU.mg-1 of protein, respectively. The non-agitated condition showed a greater potential for obtaining proteins, total proteases, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes, with maximum values of 433 mg.g-1 of extract, 71 U.mL-1 of extract, 63.62 mm2 and 50.27 mm2, respectively. Thus, a medium composed of soy peptone, yest extract and glucose in a 1:2:4 proportion is recommended, under agitation to produce protease inhibitors, and the non-agitated condition when the target is, mainly caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes.

Ganoderma lucidum é um cogumelo medicinal amplamente reconhecido como fonte de biomoléculas com propriedades farmacológicas, entretanto, pouco se conhece acerca dos fatores que influenciam a síntese de proteínas bioativas por esse fungo, quando cultivado sob fermentação submersa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biomassa micelial e de proteases e inibidores de proteases intracelulares por G. lucidum cultivado em diferentes condições de fermentação submersa. O cultivo foi realizado em meio contendo glicose (10 ou 20 g.L-1), peptona de soja (2,5 ou 5 g.L-1) e extrato de levedura (5 g.L-1), com incubação sob agitação (120 rpm) ou não-agitado, totalizando 8 condições experimentais. A produção de biomassa foi determinada a partir do peso seco e o consumo de glicose a partir da quantificação de açúcares redutores. As proteínas foram extraídas em NaCl (0,15 M) e os extratos proteicos foram submetidos à quantificação de proteínas pelo método de Bradford, atividade proteolítica total usando azocaseína, atividade caseinolítica e fibrinolítica em placa de Petri, atividade de inibidores de serino-proteases (tripsina e quimotripsina) e cisteíno-protease (papaína). O cultivo em condição agitada apresentou maior produção de biomassa com valor máximo de 7g.L-1, além de maiores atividades de inibidores de tripsina, quimotripsina e papaína, com 154 UI.mg-1, 153 UI.mg-1 e 343 UI.mg-1 de proteína, respectivamente. A condição não-agitada demonstrou maior potencial para a obtenção de proteínas, proteases totais, enzimas caseinolíticas e fibrinolíticas, com valores máximos de 433 mg.g-1 de extrato, 71 U.mL-1 de extrato, 63,62 mm2 e 50,27 mm2, respectivamente. Assim, recomenda-se o meio composto de peptona de soja, extrato de levedura e glicose na proporção 1:2:4, em condição agitada para a produção de inibidores de proteases, e a condição não-agitada para a síntese de proteases, principalmente enzimas caseinolíticas e fibrinolíticas.

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O raro contato entre os profissionais de saúde e o cuidador do paciente pediátrico, associado ao pouco tempo disponibilizado pelo profissional farmacêutico durante a dispensação, não são suficientes para a geração de informações significativas, podendo acarretar falhas no fluxo de informação e não adesão involuntária do paciente ao tratamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi coletar dados sobre o perfil do conhecimento dos cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos a respeito de medicamentos dispensados na Farmácia Ambulatorial do Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS), com enfoque para os medicamentos do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica nas especialidades de Neurologia e Pneumologia. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre novembro de 2007 e maio de 2008, utilizando-se um questionário semiestruturado. De acordo com os dados coletados, 87,7% (n=50) eram do gênero feminino; o grau de escolaridade, predominante, foi o ensino médio completo; a renda média familiar ficou compreendida entre um e dois salários mínimos, equivalente a 63,1% dos casos. As questões sobre informações sobre os medicamentos dispensados configuraram-se dessa forma: 12% desconhecem o nome do medicamento prescrito; 14% desconhecem a indicação do medicamento; 7% desconhecem como administrá-lo; 29,8% desconhecem o tempo de tratamento; 82,5% desconhecem o que é reação adversa a medicamento. Foram consideradas como respostas insatisfatórias aquelas que não foram condizentes com as informações contidas nas bulas e/ou receituários médicos dos medicamentos. A análise dos dados permitiu verificar que há, em relação à falta de informação dos entrevistados, dados significantes que podem comprometer a terapia, prejudicando a saúde do paciente.

The rare contacts between health professionals and adult caregivers of pediatric patients in a hospital outpatient pharmacy, together with the short time available during the dispensing, are insufficient to generate a meaningful flow of information, and can lead to an unintentional lack of patient compliance to the treatment. The objective of the study was to collect data on the profile of knowledge of pediatric patient caregivers, regarding medicines dispensed in the outpatient pharmacy at the Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (a childrens hospital), focusing on those who obtain medicines from the Specialized Pharmaceutical Care component of the Public Health Service, in the specialties of Neurology and Pulmonology. This prospective study was based on data collected from November 2007 to May 2008, using a semi-structured questionnaire. According to the results, 87.7% of the caregivers (n = 50) were female; they were predominantly educated to high school level; the median family income was between one and two times the ?minimum wage? (inflation-adjusted official subsistence wage), 63.1% of incomes falling within this range(?). Questions of fact about the medication dispensed elicited the following profile of respondents? knowledge: 12% did not know the name of the drug, 14% the reason for taking the drug, 7% how to administer the medicine, 29.8% the treatment time and 82.5% did not know about adverse reactions to the medication. Answers considered unsatisfactory were those that were inconsistent with the information contained in the package inserts and / or medical prescriptions of the drugs. Data analysis showed that there was a significant lack of information among the respondents that could impair the adherence to drug therapy and affect patient health.

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Verifica mudanças na adaptaçäo e em variáveis psicodinâmicas ao final e no acompanhamento, após 6 meses, de psicoterapias psicodinâmicas breves N=33 (N= 23 mulheres, N=10 homens, idades entre 21 e 60 anos, média 34,3). Apesar da maioria dos sujeitos apresentar adaptaçäo näo eficaz severa no início, as terapias causaram mudanças psicodinâmicas e adaptativas, em parte da amostra, que ainda estavam presentes seis meses após seu término. Mudanças nas estratégias devem ser buscadas, visando os mais comprometidos

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Foram verificadas mudanças na adaptação e em variáveis psicodinâmicas ao final e no acompanhamento, após seis meses, de psicoterapias psicodinâmicas breves. N=33 (N = 23 mulheres, N = 10 homens, idades entre 21 e 60 anos, média 34,3). Apesar da maioria dos sujeitos apresentar adaptação não eficaz severa no início, as terapias causaram mudanças psicodinâmicas e adaptativas, em parte da amostra, que ainda estavam presentes seis meses após seu término. Mudanças nas estratégias devem ser buscadas, visando os mais comprometidos (AU)

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