RESUMEN
The glucocorticoid cortisol, the end product of hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio), is synthesized via steroidogenesis and promotes important physiological regulations in response to a stressor. The failure of this axis leads to inability to cope with environmental challenges preventing adaptive processes in order to restore homeostasis. Pesticides and agrichemicals are widely used, and may constitute an important class of environmental pollutants when reach aquatic ecosystems and nontarget species. These chemical compounds may disrupt hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis by altering synthesis, structure or function of its constituents. We present evidence that organophosphorus exposure disrupts stress response by altering the expression of key genes of the neural steroidogenesis, causing downregulation of star, hsp70, and pomc genes. This appears to be mediated via muscarinic receptors, since the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine blocked these effects.
Asunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Metil Paratión/toxicidad , Receptores Muscarínicos/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP72/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP72/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proopiomelanocortina/genética , Proopiomelanocortina/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Escopolamina/farmacología , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/genética , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, we show that an adaptation of the spinning test can be used as a model to study the exercise-exhaustion-recovery paradigm in fish. This forced swimming test promotes a wide range of changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis functioning, intermediary metabolism, as well in fish behavior at both exercise and recovery periods. Our results pointed that this adapted spinning test can be considered a valuable tool for evaluating drugs and contaminant effects on exercised fish. This can be a suitable protocol both to environmental-to evaluate contaminants that act in fish energy mobilization and recovery after stressors-and translational perspectives-effects of drugs on exercised or stressed humans.
Asunto(s)
Glucosa/análisis , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos , Natación , Pez Cebra/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal , Creatina Quinasa/análisis , Metabolismo Energético , Modelos Animales , Estrés Fisiológico , Pez Cebra/sangreRESUMEN
Here we provide, at least to our knowledge, the first evidence that aripiprazole (APPZ) in the water blunts the stress response of exposed fish in a concentration ten times lower than the concentration detected in the environment. Although the mechanism of APPZ in the neuroendocrine axis is not yet determined, our results highlight that the presence of APPZ residues in the environment may interfere with the stress responses in fish. Since an adequate stress response is crucial to restore fish homeostasis after stressors, fish with impaired stress response may have trouble to cope with natural and/or imposed stressors with consequences to their welfare and survival.