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BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has been considered to be a pathogenic factor of diabetic complications including nephropathy. There are many controversies and limited studies regarding the antioxidant enzymes in diabetic nephropathy. AIM: This study was to evaluate the levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with and without nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 90 age and sex matched subjects. Blood samples of all subjects were analyzed for all biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly decreased in Type-2 DM with and without nephropathy as compared to controls and also in Type-2 DM with nephropathy as compared to Type-2 DM without nephropathy. There were an excellent positive correlation of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) with MDA and a good negative correlation of GPx with GSH in controls. There were positive correlations of GR, CAT, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with MDA in Type-2 diabetes patients with nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity of oxidative stress in Type-2 diabetic patients with nephropathy is greater when compared with Type-2 diabetic patients without nephropathy as compared to the controls.
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BACKGROUND: Individuals with obesity and abdominal adiposity are at higher risk for hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes. This study was, therefore, designed to evaluate the association of both generalized and regional obesity with metabolic variables and biochemical indices. METHODS: 200 confirmed patients of type-2diabetes of either gender were studied. RESULTS: A statistically significant degree of dyslipidemia was depicted in obese class-II subjects; however, females had a lower degree of dyslipidemia as compared to male subjects with statistically significant results only for HDL-C. Further, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI is a stronger predictor of FPG and HbA1c as compared to WHR. CONCLUSIONS: Higher plasma glucose levels were depicted at a lower BMI, which turned out to be stronger predictor of glycemic control as compared to WHR. Moreover, BMI, WHR and male gender was significantly correlated with the metabolic parameters and even much more pronounced association with BMI.
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Grasa Abdominal/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Obesidad/complicaciones , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relación Cintura-CaderaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. The study aims to find out the status of lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde in geriatric population. PATIENTS/METHODS: The study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 healthy control between the ages of 20-30 years and 75 elderly subjects between ages of 50-70 years as cases). The following parameters were analyzed using the standard reference methods: lipid profile, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. RESULTS: The present study was conducted to estimate the oxidative stress parameters in geriatric population. Highly significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C), malondialdehyde, catalase and decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase was observed in geriatrics when compared with their younger counterparts. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there is enhanced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence in geriatrics as compared to younger subjects which could play an important role in ageing. Dyslipidemia has become one of the important risk factors for the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. There is lack of awareness on the relationship between blood lipids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in geriatric population. The strategy of early prevention should be adopted against dyslipidemia.
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Antioxidantes/análisis , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Individuals with obesity and abdominal adiposity are at higher risk for hypeinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes. This study was therefore designed to investigate the relationship of obesity with oxidative stress and the role of abdominal adiposity on obesity induced oxidative stress, and further to explore the possible mechanism of obesity associated metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A total of 150 subjects (120 men and 30 women), aged 17-26 years of both genders, were studied. Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio were taken as a measure of generalized obesity and abdominal adiposity. The biochemical tests done included fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile parameters, serum malondialdehyde (as a biomarker of oxidative stress), and serum adiponectin. RESULTS: The concentration of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing levels of BMI (as per the NIH classification), which was found to be non-significant statistically in overweight subjects while obese class-I and class-II subjects exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher level of serum malondialdehyde as compared to normal-weight subjects. Furthermore, according to the present study groups, on comparison with normal-weight subjects (Group-I), obese subjects with abdominal adiposity (Class-2) had statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher serum concentration of malondialdehyde while a non-significant difference was observed in obese subjects without abdominal adiposity (Class-1). Even within the subset of obese subjects, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) difference was depicted, suggesting the role of abdominal adiposity. Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation revealed a statistically significant negative correlation of malondialdehyde with adiponectin (r = - 0.587; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Obese subjects exhibit increased systemic oxidative stress, which is enhanced when obesity is associated with abdominal adiposity and, moreover, increased oxidative stress is associated with adiponectin deficiency.
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Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Adiponectina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/patología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In type 2 diabetic patients, persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported as a cause of increased production of oxygen free radicals (FR), which leads to oxidative stress (OS) and becomes the main factor for predisposition to the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Diabetic postmenopausal women are prone to cardiovascular disease due to reduced production of estrogen which is a potent antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress (OS) in body. The study is being aimed to find out the status of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in post-menopausal diabetic women. METHODS: The study was conducted with a total of 70 cases, which included 35 Type 2 diabetic post-menopausal females (45 - 60 years) with diabetic CVD complication as the study group and 35 age matched type 2 diabetic postmenopausal females without CVD complication. RESULTS: All diabetic post menopausal females with CVD had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared to the levels of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: During menopause, reduced production of estrogen causes hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoproteinemia whose oxidation causes the accumulation of FR in the cell, which precipitates OS. Also, type 2 diabetic subjects with CVD poor glycemic control and impaired AOEs result in increased oxidative injury by failure of protective mechanisms, which further leads to oxidative stress.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enzimología , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Posmenopausia , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/sangre , Catalasa/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipoproteinemias/sangre , Hiperlipoproteinemias/metabolismo , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangre , Lipoproteínas VLDL/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/sangre , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common diagnosis in obstetrics and carries an increased risk of prenatal mortality and morbidity. It is associated with short and long term negative outcome in fetuses, infants, and children. The aim of the study was the determination of serum homocysteine along with folic acid and vitamin B12 concentration in pregnancies complicated with IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction). METHODS: The study was performed in a group of 180 pregnant subjects in the third trimester. Fasting (overnight, at least 12 hour) blood samples were collected from 150 pregnant patients with IUGR and 30 normal pregnant women. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy), serum folic acid, and serum vitamin B12 levels were measured. RESULTS: Mean serum concentration of total homocysteine in the group of pregnant patients with IUGR was 11.14 +/- 4.05 microM/L whereas in the group of normal pregnant women it was 7.42 +/- 2.93 microM/L. The serum folic acid level in the group of pregnant patients with IUGR was 10.24 +/- 3.91 ng/mL while in the group of normal pregnant women it was 15.20 +/- 3.41 ng/mL. The serum vitamin B12 level in the group of pregnant patients with IUGR was 146.99 +/- 43.51 pg/mL where as in the group of normal pregnant women it was 171.96 +/- 25.75 pg/mL. The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that increasing serum homocysteine levels in pregnancies complicated with IUGR were accompanied by decreasing levels of serum folic acid and vitamin B12. Treatment with folic acid and vitamin B12 could improve fetal weight in IUGR pregnant patients with increased homocysteine levels.