RESUMEN
The present study highlights pathogenesis and molecular aspects of Coxsackie virus A-16 (CVA-16) strains isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases from India using a neonatal mice model. ICR mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with CVA-16/311 strain isolated from HFMD cases. Mice developed hind and forelimb paralysis on day 3 of post infection. Histopathological observations of hind limb muscles showed necrosis, dissolution of muscle fiber cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, marked dilated ventricle, hemorrhages, and neuronal degeneration in the brain. Immunohistochemical studies revealed high expression of CVA-16/311-specific viral antigen in limb muscles, brain, heart from day 3 till day 7 of post-infection. VP1 gene-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction conducted in RNA samples of different tissue organs of infected mice followed by sequencing of the positive amplimers revealed presence of CVA-16/311-specific viral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene showed the presence of B1c sub genotype of CVA-16/311 strain in targeted tissue organs. Sequence analysis revealed major genetic changes in heart, skeletal muscle tissues at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Genetic changes occurred in organs of mice might predict some potential targets and might act as markers of virulence for neuronal tropism. Pathogenesis and molecular studies of CVA-16 strains isolated from HFMD cases using neonatal mice model was conducted for the first time from India.
Asunto(s)
Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/virología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/patogenicidad , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , India/epidemiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , FilogeniaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To characterize rotavirus infections detected in rotavirus vaccinated children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. DESIGN: Observational, hospital-based study. SETTING: Three hospitals in Pune, Western India. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged <5 years hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis during 2013-14. METHODS: Rotavirus capture ELISA was performed on all stool samples that were collected from patients following informed consent from parents. VP7 and VP4 genes of rotavirus strains were genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR. Stool samples from vaccinated children were tested for other enteric viruses. RESULTS: Among the 529 children, 53 were vaccinated with at least one dose of the rotavirus vaccine. There was no difference in the mean (SD) (months) age of vaccinated [14.8 (10.6)] and unvaccinated [14.4 (10.5)] children. Rotavirus positivity was significantly higher (47%) in unvaccinated than in vaccinated (28.3%) children (P=0.01). Mean Vesikari score and severe cases were significantly more in rotavirus positive than in negative children within unvaccinated group (P<0.001), while these did not differ within the vaccinated group. Rotavirus strain G1P[8] was identified as the most prevalent strain in both, vaccinated (60%) and unvaccinated (72.8%) groups. No association was found between mean Vesikari score and viral coinfections. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests decline in rotavirus positivity in rotavirus-vaccinated children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis and high prevalence of G1P[8] and non-rotaviral co-infections in Pune, Western India.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Diarrea/virología , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Masculino , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virologíaRESUMEN
Enteric adenoviruses are important etiological agents associated with sporadic infections and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children. Fecal samples were collected from 439 hospitalized patients in the years 2005-2007 from Pune, Aurangabad, and Nagpur cities of western India to identify the most prevalent strains of enteric adenoviruses. The viruses were detected by PCR and characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of enteric adenoviruses in patients from Pune, Aurangabad and Nagpur was found to be 9% (10/111), 7% (7/100), and 7.5% (17/228), respectively. Sequence based analysis of the partial hexon and/or fiber genes showed the presence of adenovirus serotypes 40, 41, and 31 and variations at the subgenus and strain level. Phylogenetic analysis of the adenovirus strains indicated 98-100% homology with adenovirus 40 of the UK, 96-99% with adenovirus 41 of the USA and 94-100% with adenovirus 31 of Austria. The study indicates circulation of enteric adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41 with an unreported serotype 31 in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. This is the first report from India on the association of enteric adenoviruses with acute gastroenteritis.