RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The bladder cancer is an important disease by its morbi-mortality and its multifactorialidad. At the moment, between the possible aetiology agents that they have been indicated is the infection by the virus of papilloma human (VPH). The objective study is to analyse, by meta-analysis, the relationship between bladder cancer and infection by human papillomavirus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We made a search in the electronic data base MEDLINE of the articles published until September of the 2004 that relate the infection of the VPH to the bladder tumors. Of 414 listed articles, we selected 38 articles. RESULTS: The articles were classified in two groups, according to they use or non methods based on the detection of the DNA. In articles based on the detection of the DNA, it was that the global proportion from the cases that had contact with the virus, through the detection of the genome was of the 19.4% (95% CI 0.160 to 0.228). Of the total of studies based on the detection of the DNA 8 were selected, to show to a group defined control, in which, the OR was investigated. If we combined the ORs, we obtain an OR estimation of 3.2 (95% CI 1.19 to 8.60) and p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: Most of these studies showed the relation rose at the beginning of the study. Although the majority lacked a group defined control, is possible to analyze the value of the Odds global ratio due to the homogenous behaviour of the studies with defined cases and controls affluent. This demonstrated to association between VPH and the bladder cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/virología , Humanos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The iatrogenic trauma of ureter is a complication that appears according to the different series between the 0.05-30% from the abdominal or pelvic surgeries. It the same affects to both ureters, being the rare bilateral ureteral trauma. The most frequent location is in the lower ureter. Maybe this fact must to that that is the patron of ureter more related by viacinity to the structures or organs in wich surgery is made. The most frequent causes are the gynecological ones, followed of the surgery of colon and vascular surgery. The reconstruction techniques depend on the level of the injury. The maneuvers of support and the endourology treatment can be useful for the resolution of these injuries.