RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastric protective effect of thioctic acid, a sulfhydryl compound, against chemically induced mucosal lesions has not been reported. METHODS: Fasted Wistar rats (24 h) were treated (gavage administration) with graded doses of thiotic acid (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg/kg) followed 0.5 h later by the gavage administration of 1 ml 96% ethanol or intraperitoneal administered indomethacin. The gastric mucosa was examined grossly and histologically for an evaluation of the lesions. RESULTS: Pretreatment of rats with thiotic acid has shown a significant decline in the mean number, size, incidence and severity of mucosal lesions induced by both ethanol and indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence that thiotic acid protects the rat gastric mucosa against chemically induced damage. Its is speculated that this finding may prove to be important in the development of improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers in humans.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background/Aims: The gastric protective effect of thioctic acid, a sulfhydryl compund, against chemically induced mucosal lesions has not been reported. Methods: Fasted Wistar rats (24 h) were treated (gavage administration) with graded doses of thiotic acid (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg/kg) followed 0.5 h later by the gavage administration of 1 ml 96 per cent ethanol or intraperitoneal administered indomethacin. The gastric mucosa was examined grossly and histologically for an evaluation of the lesions. Results: Pretreatment of rats with thotic acid has shown a significant decline in the mean number, size, incidence and severity of mucosal lesions induced by both ethanol and indomethacin. Conclusions: This is the first evidence that thiotic acid protects the rat gastric mucosa against chemically induced damage. Its is speculated that this finding may prove to be important in the development of improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers in humans.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background/Aims: The gastric protective effect of thioctic acid, a sulfhydryl compund, against chemically induced mucosal lesions has not been reported. Methods: Fasted Wistar rats (24 h) were treated (gavage administration) with graded doses of thiotic acid (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg/kg) followed 0.5 h later by the gavage administration of 1 ml 96 per cent ethanol or intraperitoneal administered indomethacin. The gastric mucosa was examined grossly and histologically for an evaluation of the lesions. Results: Pretreatment of rats with thotic acid has shown a significant decline in the mean number, size, incidence and severity of mucosal lesions induced by both ethanol and indomethacin. Conclusions: This is the first evidence that thiotic acid protects the rat gastric mucosa against chemically induced damage. Its is speculated that this finding may prove to be important in the development of improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers in humans. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

To ascertain whether maternal infection with Trypanosoma cruzi may influence the course of the parasitic infection in offspring, two groups of female 1 rats were mated with syngeneic sires. One group of females was infected with 10(6) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi three times at weekly intervals. All offspring were nursed by their mothers until weaning and then separated into two groups of young, one to be infected with the same dose of T. cruzi, and the other to remain uninfected. Infection of pregnant rats caused no aggravated disease but resulted in a self-controlled infection that did not cause any deaths or affect their reproductive capacity. The number of young delivered, litter size, fertility coefficient, and offspring weights at weaning were also unaffected by maternal infection; however, the survival coefficient decreased in comparison with values recorded in the offspring of uninfected mothers. The latter finding is likely due to neonatal transmission, since bloodstream forms of T. cruzi were observed in a few offspring of infected mothers. While infected offspring whose mothers had been inoculated with T. cruzi during pregnancy were not protected from acute infection, the occurrence of chronic focal myocarditis was less prevalent when compared with that recorded in chronically infected offspring born to uninfected mothers.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Control animals and rats infected 90 days earlier, by inoculation of 1 x 10(6) trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi at weaning, were subjected to adult thymectomy (ATx) or sham operation (S-ATx) and assessed 3 months later for the presence of myocardial lesions and levels of lymph node and spleen T-cell populations. Chronic focal myocarditis (CFM) developed in 78% and 84% of S-ATx or ATx infected rats, respectively. While the two groups of infected rats did not differ as to the occurrence of myocardial lesions, large foci of CFM were more prevalent in ATx infected rats. Chronic T. cruzi (Tc) infection resulted in decreased CD4+ and increased CD8+ lymph node and spleen cell, with CD8+ lymphocytes being lowered to normal values in the spleen of the ATx infected group. It is suggested that ATx might act by interfering with a down-regulating immunoregulatory mechanism, leading to an exacerbation of autoimmune reactions believed to be involved in the generation of myocardial damage.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar infección y daño tisular en una línea endocriada de ratas, inducidos por formas vivas de una cepa de T. cruzi cultivada in vitro (TCC). Se inocularon: a) ratas cultivadas in vitro (TCC). Se inocularon: a) ratas lactantes (S), de 3-5 días de edad por vía i.p. con 10**6 TCC (S1), 10**7 TCC (S2) y 10**8 TCC (S3); b) ratas al destete, de 21-25 días de edad por vía s.c. con 10**6 TCC (W1), 10**7 TCC (W2) y 10**8 TCC (W3). Los cultivos tenían como máximo un 2// de trypomastigotes; c) testigos por vía i.p. o s.c. con 10**6 trypomastigotes sanguiíneos de la cepa Tulahuén (SC y WC); se incluyeron testigos normales. La sobrevida fue del 100// en S1, S2 y S3 y 0// en SC en el día 13 post-infección (p.i.). Estos animales murieron con signos de enfermedad de Chagas aguda. La sobrevida fue del 100// en el grupo W. En los primeros 30 días p.i. los parásitos fueron detectados en los grupos S1, S2, S3 y W1, W2 y W3 por búsqueda exhaustiva. Los parásitos se encontraron rápidamente en los testigos SC y WC hasta el día 13. Los xenodiagnósticos fueron positivos (5/5) a los 2 meses p.i. y negativos a los 6 meses p.i. (W1, W2, W3, 0/23; WC, 0/5) Tabla 1). Se observó un leve aumento de la frecuencia de miocarditis crónica focal en algunos animales infectados, independientemente a la dosis (S1, S2, S3, 26//; W1, W2, W3, 46//) que no fue significativo en comparación con la de los testigos y no alcanza el porcentaje de lesión obtenida habitualmente en WC (61,3//). La menor virulencia y patogenicidad observadas en las ratas, especie no estudiada hasta ahora, sugieren que la cepa TCC tiene una importante atenuación después de largo tiempo de cultivo in vitro

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar infección y daño tisular en una línea endocriada de ratas, inducidos por formas vivas de una cepa de T. cruzi cultivada in vitro (TCC). Se inocularon: a) ratas cultivadas in vitro (TCC). Se inocularon: a) ratas lactantes (S), de 3-5 días de edad por vía i.p. con 10**6 TCC (S1), 10**7 TCC (S2) y 10**8 TCC (S3); b) ratas al destete, de 21-25 días de edad por vía s.c. con 10**6 TCC (W1), 10**7 TCC (W2) y 10**8 TCC (W3). Los cultivos tenían como máximo un 2// de trypomastigotes; c) testigos por vía i.p. o s.c. con 10**6 trypomastigotes sanguiíneos de la cepa Tulahuén (SC y WC); se incluyeron testigos normales. La sobrevida fue del 100// en S1, S2 y S3 y 0// en SC en el día 13 post-infección (p.i.). Estos animales murieron con signos de enfermedad de Chagas aguda. La sobrevida fue del 100// en el grupo W. En los primeros 30 días p.i. los parásitos fueron detectados en los grupos S1, S2, S3 y W1, W2 y W3 por búsqueda exhaustiva. Los parásitos se encontraron rápidamente en los testigos SC y WC hasta el día 13. Los xenodiagnósticos fueron positivos (5/5) a los 2 meses p.i. y negativos a los 6 meses p.i. (W1, W2, W3, 0/23; WC, 0/5) Tabla 1). Se observó un leve aumento de la frecuencia de miocarditis crónica focal en algunos animales infectados, independientemente a la dosis (S1, S2, S3, 26//; W1, W2, W3, 46//) que no fue significativo en comparación con la de los testigos y no alcanza el porcentaje de lesión obtenida habitualmente en WC (61,3//). La menor virulencia y patogenicidad observadas en las ratas, especie no estudiada hasta ahora, sugieren que la cepa TCC tiene una importante atenuación después de largo tiempo de cultivo in vitro (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Infection and tissue damage induced by parasites of an attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi culture strain (TCC) were studied in "I" line of inbred rats. Suckling rats (S), 3-5 day old were inoculated i.p. with 10(6) TCC (S1), 10(7) TCC (S2) and 10(8) TCC (S3). Weaned rats (W), 21-25 day old were inoculated s.c. with 10(6) TCC (W1), 10(7) TCC (W2) and 10(8) TCC (W3). The cultures yielded up to 2% of trypomastigotes. Controls inoculated either i.p. or s.c. with 10(6) blood form trypomastigotes (SC and WC) as well as normal controls (NC) were included. Survival was 100% in S1, S2 and S3, and 0% in SC on day 13 post-infection (p.i.). The latter animals died with acute Chagas disease signs. Survival was 100% in the W groups. In the first 30 days p.i. parasites were detected in S1, S2 and S3 and W1, W2, W3 groups after exhaustive examination. Parasites were easily found in WC and SC until day 13. Xeno-diagnoses were positive (5/5) at 2 months p.i. and negative at 6 months p.i. (W1, W2, W3, 0/23; WC, 0/5). Only cardiac lesions were slightly increased. The frequency of focal chronic myocarditis seemed to be increased in a dose-independent manner (S1, S2, S3, 26%; W1, W2, W3, 46%) but was not significant in comparison with NC, and even was lower than usually found in WC (61.3%). The reduced virulence and pathogenicity suggest that the TCC strain suffered a remarkable attenuation after long term in vitro culture.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Infection and tissue damage induced by parasites of an attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi culture strain (TCC) were studied in [quot ]I[quot ] line of inbred rats. Suckling rats (S), 3-5 day old were inoculated i.p. with 10(6) TCC (S1), 10(7) TCC (S2) and 10(8) TCC (S3). Weaned rats (W), 21-25 day old were inoculated s.c. with 10(6) TCC (W1), 10(7) TCC (W2) and 10(8) TCC (W3). The cultures yielded up to 2

of trypomastigotes. Controls inoculated either i.p. or s.c. with 10(6) blood form trypomastigotes (SC and WC) as well as normal controls (NC) were included. Survival was 100

in S1, S2 and S3, and 0

in SC on day 13 post-infection (p.i.). The latter animals died with acute Chagas disease signs. Survival was 100

in the W groups. In the first 30 days p.i. parasites were detected in S1, S2 and S3 and W1, W2, W3 groups after exhaustive examination. Parasites were easily found in WC and SC until day 13. Xeno-diagnoses were positive (5/5) at 2 months p.i. and negative at 6 months p.i. (W1, W2, W3, 0/23; WC, 0/5). Only cardiac lesions were slightly increased. The frequency of focal chronic myocarditis seemed to be increased in a dose-independent manner (S1, S2, S3, 26

; W1, W2, W3, 46

) but was not significant in comparison with NC, and even was lower than usually found in WC (61.3

). The reduced virulence and pathogenicity suggest that the TCC strain suffered a remarkable attenuation after long term in vitro culture.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En la primera parte de este trabajo se estudió en la fase aguda, la parasitemia y respuesta inmune humoral específica, en ratas de línea "1", inoculadas al destete con 1x10**6 T. cruzi vivos de la cepa Tulahuén (GD), y adultos jóvenes con 1x10**6 T. cruzi (GA) y con 7x10**6 T. cruzi, cantidad equivalente a la inoculada en los destetes según peso (GA-1). La parasitemia fue significativamente mayor en el GD que en los GA y GA-1. Por otro lado, el GD presentó bajos títulos de anticuerpos, en relación a los adultos con ambas concentraciones de T. cruzi, que tuvieron un comportamiento similar. En el período crónico se evaluaron, a los 180 días post-infección, los ECG y la histolatología de corazón en animales al destete y adultos, con sólo 1x10**6 T. cruzi. La frecuencia cardíaca en los animales infectados fue mayor que la de los testigos. La proporción de lesión cardíaca (miocarditis, pericarditis y/o fibrosis) fue superior en el GD y en el GA, con respecto al GT, y el GA presentó un 35,6% de fibrosis, significativamente diferente de los otros grupos. La lesión fue sobre todo leve, ventricular y no se visualizaron parásitos in situ. En síntesis, en la rata, en la fase aguda de la infección, se encontraron diferencias marcadas en serología y parasitemia según la edad del huésped; sin embargo, la patología miocárdica crónica fue similar, con la excepción de que 1/3 de las ratas adultas inoculadas presentaron fibrosis

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En la primera parte de este trabajo se estudió en la fase aguda, la parasitemia y respuesta inmune humoral específica, en ratas de línea "1", inoculadas al destete con 1x10**6 T. cruzi vivos de la cepa Tulahuén (GD), y adultos jóvenes con 1x10**6 T. cruzi (GA) y con 7x10**6 T. cruzi, cantidad equivalente a la inoculada en los destetes según peso (GA-1). La parasitemia fue significativamente mayor en el GD que en los GA y GA-1. Por otro lado, el GD presentó bajos títulos de anticuerpos, en relación a los adultos con ambas concentraciones de T. cruzi, que tuvieron un comportamiento similar. En el período crónico se evaluaron, a los 180 días post-infección, los ECG y la histolatología de corazón en animales al destete y adultos, con sólo 1x10**6 T. cruzi. La frecuencia cardíaca en los animales infectados fue mayor que la de los testigos. La proporción de lesión cardíaca (miocarditis, pericarditis y/o fibrosis) fue superior en el GD y en el GA, con respecto al GT, y el GA presentó un 35,6% de fibrosis, significativamente diferente de los otros grupos. La lesión fue sobre todo leve, ventricular y no se visualizaron parásitos in situ. En síntesis, en la rata, en la fase aguda de la infección, se encontraron diferencias marcadas en serología y parasitemia según la edad del huésped; sin embargo, la patología miocárdica crónica fue similar, con la excepción de que 1/3 de las ratas adultas inoculadas presentaron fibrosis (AU)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The chemical and crystalline composition of the mineral deposited in ossified arterial and lung tissues of cows affected by enteque seco (enteque ossificans) has been investigated. The arterial calcification precedes that of lung. The latter was observed only in animals with a calcification of the aorta above 150 mumoles Ca per gram of wet tissue. The mineral deposited in arterial and lung tissues appeared to be a poorly crystallized apatite; following incineration the diffraction patterns of carbonate apatite and magnesium whitlockite, respectively, were found.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A time course study of immobilization osteoporosis was carried out in an experimental model in which the hind half of the rat was paralyzed by spinal section between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. The earliest changes in the femure were a reduction in water content and in bone volume (3 days after operation). A significant reduction in both hydroxyproline and phosphate content was observed 8 days after immobilization. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, citrate, and carbonate were found significantly decreased at 15 days. Bone potassium remained unchanged. The rate of calcium accretion and the size of the exchangeable pools, when expressed per unit of bone mass, were not significantly affected by treatment. Sham-operated rats fed a bicarbonate-enriched diet, showed increased rates of calcium accretion and bone calcium content. The latter was not accompanied by increases in phosphate and carbonate contents. Operated animals fed the same diet showed an increased rate of bone resorption attributed to an assumed higher rate of parathyroid hormone secretion induced by bicarbonate feeding.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The effects of the long term ingestion of Solanum Glaucophyllum leaves (SG) by the rat was investigated in two series of experiments; the animals were fed a normal (for 8 weeks) or a low Ca diet (for 5 weeks). With both diets, the intestinal absorption of Ca was increased and the endogenous fecal Ca excretion was decreased by SG treatment. Added to a normal Ca diet, SG increased the urinary excretion of Ca, Mg and P and reduced the excretion of hydroxyproline and pyrophosphate. At the histological level, SG induced a higher rate of bone tissue synthesis on trabecular and endosteal surfaces. The bone content of hydroxyproline and citrate increased significantly. The total alkaline phosphatase activity of plasma decreased as a function of SG intake due to a decreased in the activity of the intestinal isoenzyme, which was not compensated by the increase in the bone isoenzyme activity. The Mg absorption was decreased by SG inducing lower Mg balances and lower plasma Mg levels. Added to a low Ca diet, SG increased the severity of the secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by the diet. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (both isoenzymes) were significantly increased. The Na and K content of bone decreased as a function of SG intake. 45Ca kinetic experiments revealed that SG increased the rate of Ca resorption and the rate constant of the fast exchangeable Ca pool, in both diets.

Asunto(s)