RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Variants of 8q24 locus have been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. This study aims to analyze the genetic basis of PCa susceptibility in Mexican men by analyzing SNPs in the 8q24 locus for the first time. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in 875 men recruited from the Mexican Social Security Institute, 326 patients with PCa, and 549 non-PCa patients (88 with benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH and 461 healthy controls). The 8q24 locus SNPs: rs16901979, rs16983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info statistical 7.0 and SNPstats softwares. RESULTS: All genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. No differences were observed in genotype distribution between PCa and non-PCa patients for rs6983267. Under different inheritance models, the rs16901979, rs1447295, and rs7837328 SNPs were associated with PCa (OR = 2.8, 1.8, and 1.72, respectively; Pc < 0.001) when comparing PCa patients against controls. This association remains between PCa and BPH patients under different models (OR = 8.5, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively; Pc < 0.001). There were no significant differences in allele and genotype distribution among BPH patients and controls. The combined effect of the alleles CGAA for the SNPs rs16901979, rs6983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 showed significant differences between PCa patients and controls (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.48-5.83, Pc = 0.008). Four 8q24 variants were not associated with D'Amico score, age at diagnosis, and bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first confirmation that variants rs16901979, rs1447295, and 7837328 at 8q24 locus are associated with PCa susceptibility in Mexican men.
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Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática (FPI) es una de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas del adulto de mayor impacto y letalidad, diversos estudios epidemiológicos muestran tendencias progresivas al aumento de las tasas de mortalidad por FPI. En Chile no existen reportes sobre las tendencias de las tasas de mortalidad por FPI. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar las tendencias de la mortalidad por FPI en Chile entre los años 2002 y 2015. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de diseño ecológico, a partir de la información de bases de datos secundarias de libre disposición de las estadísticas vitales del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (DEIS) y del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) de Ministerio de Salud de Chile entre los años 2002 y 2015 se obtuvieron las tasas crudas de mortalidad por fibrosis pulmonar idiopática en población de 45 años y más en ambos sexos y las tasas ajustadas por sexo y edad por regiones, se calculó también la frecuencia mensual de las muertes por FPI y se compararon las tasas medias de mortalidad por regiones. RESULTADOS: Se observó un incremento progresivo de la tasa nacional cruda de mortalidad por FPI entre los años 2002 a 2015, la que fue de 18,5 fallecidos por 100.000 habitantes en el año 2002 hasta 24,6 fallecidos por 100.000 habitantes en el año 2015 con una pendiente de ascenso por año de +0,27 por 100.000 habitantes (p = 0,013). En las mujeres las tasas fueron más altas que en los hombres, pero las pendientes de ascenso no presentaron diferencias entre sexos. En la gran mayoría de las regiones las tasas ajustadas presentaron tendencias significativas al ascenso y las tasas medias más altas se presentaron en las regiones del norte de Chile. Se observó un comportamiento estacional de las muertes siendo las frecuencias más altas en los meses de invierno. CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de mortalidad por FPI en Chile presentan una tendencia progresiva al aumento, con marcadas diferencias regionales lo que lleva a considerar, entre otros factores, influencia ambiental y contaminación del aire y de suelos que se debieran investigar para poder realizar intervenciones de salud pública que permitan reducir la mortalidad de esta enfermedad en nuestro país.
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is one of the chronic respiratory diseases in adults with the greatest impact and high case fatality rate. Various epidemiological studies show progressive trends towards increasing IPF mortality rates. In Chile there are no national reports on country and regional trends in IPF mortality rates. The objective of this study is to determine trends in mortality due to IPF in Chile from year 2002 to 2015. METHOD: Epidemiological study of ecological design based on information from public databases of vital statistics of the Department of Health Statistics and Information (DEIS) and the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of the Ministry of Health of Chile. Crude mortality rates due to IPF in the population aged 45 years and over in both sexes were obtained from years 2002 to 2015. Besides the adjusted mortality rates for sex and age by region, the monthly frequency of IPF deaths during the same period and the average mortality rates by Chilean regions were calculated. RESULTS: A progressive increasing trend in the crude national IPF mortality rate was observed between years 2002 to 2015, which went from 18.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002 to 24.6 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 with a slope of ascent per year of +0.27 per 100,000 inhabitants (p = 0.013); female rates were higher than men rates, but without differences in the slopes between sexes; in the vast majority of the regions the rates showed significant upward trends with the higher ones in the northern regions of Chile. A seasonal behavior of the death's frequency was observed being the highest in the winter term. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates due to IPF in Chile show a progressive upward trend, with marked regional differences which leads to consider, among other factors, environmental influence and air and soil contamination that should be investigated to carry out public health interventions that allow reducing the mortality of this disease in our country.
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Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/mortalidad , Estaciones del Año , Chile/epidemiología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estadísticas Vitales , Mortalidad/tendencias , Distribución por Sexo , Estudios EcológicosRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, se estima que 8,5% de los adultos tiene riesgo elevado de síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS). OBJETIVO: Estimar el riesgo de SAHOS en funcionarios de la salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se consignaron los datos clínicos, antropométricos, presión arterial, cuestionarios STOP-Bang (CSB), índice de Flemons y escalas de Epworth y de Thornton en trabajadores de Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 1.332 funcionarios, 77,1% mujeres, circunferencia de cuello: 35,7 ± 3,7 cm (26-54), circunferencia de cintura: 89,3 ± 3,7 cm, e índice de masa corporal: 27,5 ± 4,5 (17,5-49,4) kg/m2; 42% tenía sobrepeso y 26% obesidad. El Cuestionario SB los clasificó en tres categorías: Riesgo alto (RA): 43 funcionarios (3,2%), 50 ± 10,5 años; riesgo moderado: 215 (16,1%), 45,6 ± 11,4 años y riesgo bajo: 1.074 (80,6%), 36,2 ± 10,6 años. En hombres, la edad y los puntajes de los cuestionarios de sueño fueron diferentes en las tres categorías de riesgo (p = 0,003 y 0,001). En mujeres, los puntajes de los cuestionarios fueron distintos en los tres grupos de riesgo, no hubo diferencias en la escala de Epworth (p = 0,274), ni en la edad (p = 0,08). La escala Mallampati no permitió predecir el riesgo de SAHOS en ambos sexos. CONCLUSIONES: El cuestionario SB identificó a 9,8% de los hombres con riesgo alto de SAHOS. En los hombres, la edad, cuestionario SB, Flemons, Epworth y Thornton, fueron diferentes en las tres categorías de riesgo de SAHOS. En las mujeres, la edad y escala de Epworth fueron similares en las tres categorías de riesgo.
INTRODUCTION: In Chile, it is estimated that 8.5% of adults are at high risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of OSA in health workers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: clinical and anthropometric data, blood pressure, STOP-Bang (CSB) questionnaires, Flemons index and Epworth and Thornton scales were assessed in workers from Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile. RESULTS: 1,332 workers were evaluated, 77.1% women, neck circumference: 35.7 ± 3.7 cm (26-54), waist circumference: 89.3 ± 3.7 cm, and body mass index: 27.5 ± 4.5 (17.5-49.4) kg/m2; 42% were overweight and 26% obese. The SB Questionnaire classified them into three risk categories: High risk (HR): 43 workers (3.2%), 50 ± 10.5 years-old; moderate risk: 215 (16.1%), 45.6 ± 11.4 years-old and low risk: 1,074 (80.6%), 36.2 ± 10.6 years-old. In men, age and sleep questionnaire scores were different in the three risk categories (p = 0.003 and 0.001). In women, the sleep questionnaire scores were different in the three risk groups, there were no differences in the Epworth scale (p = 0.274), nor in age (p = 0.08). The Mallampati scale did not allow predict OSA risk in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The SB questionnaire identified 9.8% of the men with high risk of OSA. In men, age, SB questionnaire, Flemons index, Epworth and Thornton scale, were different in the three OSA risk categories. In women, the age and Epworth scale were similar in the different risk categories.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Personal de Salud , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Modelos Logísticos , Chile , Antropometría , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , PredicciónRESUMEN
El dolor torácico es un motivo frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencias, sin embargo, el hematoma esofágico es una causa muy poco frecuente. Se manifiesta más frecuentemente en mujeres de edad media y avanzada, con una triada de dolor torácico súbito, disfagia u odinofagia y hematemesis. Presentamos un caso de una mujer de 89 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial en tratamiento, usuaria de antihipertensivos y aspirina, con una historia de dos días de evolución de dolor retroesternal, sensación febril, disnea y tos productiva secundario a un hematoma esofágico.
Thoracic pain is a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department, however, esophageal hematoma is a very rare cause. It manifests more commonly in women of middle and advanced age, with a triad of sudden chest pain, dysphagia or odynophagia and hematemesis. We present a case of a 89 years old female patient, with a history of arterial hypertension in treatment, user of antihypertensive drugs and aspirin with a two day history of retrosternal pain, febrile sensation, dyspnea and productive cough due to a esophageal hematoma.
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Humanos , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades del Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Radiografía Torácica , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Enfermedades del Esófago/etiologíaRESUMEN
El trasplante de páncreas es una alternativa terapéutica para pacientes diabéticos con complicaciones metabólicas severas y/o enfermedad renal crónica terminal. En el 80% de los casos, se realiza trasplante simultáneo de páncreas y riñón. El ultrasonido (US) es la técnica de elección para una primera evaluación del injerto, principalmente el modo Doppler espectral. Este último permite la evaluación de la vasculatura y perfusión de injerto. La tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM) se reservan para la evaluación de complicaciones (Tabla 1). Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de una serie casos de trasplante páncreas-riñón realizada en nuestra institución entre los años 2014 y 2017, con un total de 12 casos.
Pancreas transplantation is a therapeutic alternative for diabetic patients with severe metabolic complications and/or terminal chronic kidney disease. In 80% of cases, a simultaneous transplant of pancreas and kidney is performed. Ultrasound (US) is the technique of choice for a first evaluation of the implant, mainly the spectral Doppler mode, which allows evaluation of the graft vasculature and perfusion. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reserved for the evaluation of complications (Table). A retrospective review of a series of cases of pancreas-kidney transplantation performed at our institution between 2014 and 2017 was carried out, with a total of 12 cases.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Trasplante de Páncreas/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Páncreas/efectos adversos , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Diabetes Mellitus/cirugía , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/cirugíaRESUMEN
Introducción: La obstrucción congénita del ducto nasolacrimal (DNL) es motivo de consulta frecuente en menores de un año. Se encuentra en 6% de los recién nacidos, la mayoría de las veces secundario a la persistencia de una membrana mucosa en la porción distal del DNL (membrana de Hassner). Generalmente se presenta como epífora patológica, es decir, presente después del 3º mes de vida. Esta obstrucción puede evolucionar con resolución espontánea los primeros 12 meses de vida, requerir terapias complementarias o resolución quirúrgica. Objetivo: Analizar los casos de obstrucción de la vía lagrimal en población pediátrica usando sonda Monoka® en pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, que consultaron por epifora; verificando tasas de éxito, complicaciones del procedimiento y seguimiento. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, incluyendo todos aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de obstrucción de vía lagrimal, mayores de 24 meses de edad, que consultaron en el HCUCh entre julio 2012 y marzo 2014, que requiriesen resolución quirúrgica de su cuadro. Se realizó instalación de sonda Monoka® con la participación conjunta de oftalmología y otorrinolaringología. Resultados: Se reunieron 7 pacientes, obteniendo éxito de 85,7% (6) y 100% de mejoría respecto a los síntomas iniciales. Un paciente presentó una complicación intraoperatoria, definida como un sondeo frustro. La sonda permaneció instalada un promedio de 7,7 meses y fue retirada sin complicaciones. Conclusión: La instalación de sonda Monoka® como procedimiento quirúrgico destinado a la resolución de la obstrucción de vía lagrimal es una técnica sencilla, de fácil acceso, moderado costo y que constituye una solución exitosa para aquellos pacientes afectados. Presenta excelentes resultados a mediano plazo, sin recidiva de la obstrucción de la vía lagrimal y con baja tasa de complicaciones. Es una técnica exitosa que, luego de esta experiencia, podría ser considerada de primera línea en nuestro hospital para aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de epífora patológica, mayores de 24 meses.
Introduction: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (DNL) is frequent complaint in under a year. It is found in 6% of infants, the most often secondary to the persistence of a mucous membrane in the distal portion of the nasolacrimal duct (Hassner membrane). It usually occurs as pathological epifora present after the 3rd month of life. This obstruction can evolve spontaneously resolved the first 12 months of life, require complementary therapies or surgical treatment. Aim: To analyze where we have used the Monoka® probe in pediatric population operated in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, who consulted for pathological epiphora; verifying success rates, procedure complications and monitoring. Material and method: A retrospective descriptive study, which were included all patients with the diagnosis of pathological epiphora over 12 months old, who consulted in the HCUCH between July 2012 and March 2014, that required surgical resolution of their condition. Monocanalicular installation silicone catheter was used with the joint participation of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Results: We had a total of 7 patients with a success rate of 85.7% (6) and 100% improvement over the initial symptoms. Only one patient presented an intraoperative complication, defined as failed intubation. The probe remained installed an average of 7.7 months and was removed without complications. Conclusions: The installation of Monoka® probe as surgical intervention to resolve the pathological epiphora is a simple, easily accessible and amoderate cost procedure. It's a successful solution for those patients affected. It has excellent mid-term results, no recurrence of obstruction of DNL and low complication rate. It is a successful technique that would be considered frontline in our hospital for patients diagnosed with pathological epiphora over 12 months old.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Intubación/métodos , Obstrucción del Conducto Lagrimal/terapia , Conducto Nasolagrimal/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In several countries, organ transplantation is limited. We describe the implementation of a model to perform kidney transplantation in a low-resource population through a financial mechanism sharing public, patient, and private foundations funds. METHODS: This was a cohort study of 100 low-resource patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Hospital General of México. The mean age of the transplanted population was 30.07 ± 11.4 years, from which 84% reported an income <400 USD/month. Ninety percent of grafts were obtained from live donors. RESULTS: The survival rate at 1 year after the procedure was 98%. Patient rehabilitation after transplantation included the incorporation of individuals into productive life and work. The economically active population increased from 8% to 40% after the transplant procedure. The model was successfully implemented as the result of (i) adequate incorporation of medical staff with solid experience in organ transplantation; (ii) institutional public policy and collaboration between diverse services to support donors and receptors; and (iii) financial collaboration to attract resources and funds to guarantee access to immunosuppressants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results led toward an operational, reproducible model for transplanting patients in developing and financial crisis countries, reflecting beneficial long-lasting effects on the patient from the therapeutic, clinical, and economic points of view.
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Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/organización & administración , Trasplante de Riñón , Adulto , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Hospitales Públicos/organización & administración , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/economía , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Donadores Vivos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Organizacionales , Desarrollo de Programa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Phylogenetic analyses conducted on isolates of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) from throughout the world have shown well-defined genogroups comprising representative strains of the virus and antigenic variants. In this work, we have isolated and characterized RHDV from the major epizootic that occurred in Cuba in 2004-2005. Sequence analysis of the capsid protein gene and antigenic characterization of this strain has allowed its inclusion as a member of the distinct RHDVa subtype. We also found that specific antibodies directed against RHDV reference strains bound to the Cuban isolate in a competition ELISA and inhibited virus hemagglutination in vitro. This is the second report on the molecular characterization of RHDVa circulating in the American region.
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Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo/genética , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/clasificación , Antígenos Virales/genética , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Cuba , Evolución Molecular , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo/clasificación , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo/aislamiento & purificación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Conejos , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genética , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Abdominal wall defects are ranking in the 4th place of congenital malformations. The most frequent ones are gastroschisis and omphalocele, which show a high perinatal mortality. Over the last 30 years, world incidence has grown. The national incidence and prevalence of these defects should be determined. Objective: The analysis of trends in clinical characteristics of these defects referred to a national centre and treated in Santiago, Chile, between March 2003 and August 2006. Method: 7 cases of omphalocele and 7 cases of gastroschisis were analysed. We studied associated risk factors, prenatal management and postnatal follow-up. Results: The average maternal age in gastroschisis was 18 and 28.4 in omphalocele. Five patients with gastroschisis were primigravida. None of the patients had a history of drugs, alcohol or tobacco intake. Six of seven of omphalocele cases we associated with other malformations, three of them were multiple malformations Cantrell type. None of the cases of gastroschisis showed any associated malformations. In six cases of omphalocele and in one case of gastroschisis fetal karyotyping was studied. Six cordocentesis and one amniocentesis were performed. Results were one Trisomy 18 (omphalocele) and six normal kariotype. In three cases of omphalocele, the babies were delivered with elective cesarean section. In three cases of omphalocele and all cases of gastroschisis, urgent Cesarean section had to be performed. There was one vaginal delivery with a stillborn (Trisomy 18). Among the gastroschisis cases and three of the omphalocele cases, four children were born prematurely. The average weight of the newborns with gastroschisis was 2.365 gr., and 2.770 gr., in omphalocele cases. The distribution by sex in gastroschisis was 6 females: 1 male, in cases of omphalocele it was 4 females: 3 males. Of all 14 cases, two died during the first hours, and one was a stillborn. In the first...
Los defectos de la pared anterior del abdomen se ubican en 4° lugar de las malformaciones congénitas, siendo los más frecuentes la gastrosquisisy el onfalocele que presentan una alta mortalidad perinatal. En los últimos 30 años se reporta un aumento de la incidencia a nivel mundial. Es importante determinar la incidencia y prevalencia nacional de estos defectos. Objetivos: Analizar tendencias en las características clínicas de los defectos de pared anterior del abdomen, derivados a un centro de referencia nacional (Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente, CERPO), y atendidos en su red en Santiago, Chile, entre Marzo 2003 y Agosto 2006. Método: Se analizan todos los casos encontrados en el periodo. Se trata de 7 onfaloceles y 7 gastrosquisis, factores de riesgo asociados, evolución prenatal y seguimiento postnatal. Resultados: Media de edad materna 18 años en gastrosquisis y 28.4 años en onfaloceles. Cinco de 7 pacientes con gastrosquisis eran primigestas. Ninguna paciente tiene antecedentes de consumo de drogas, alcohol ni tabaco. Malformaciones asociadas en 6 de 7onfaloceles, de las cuales 3 de 7 eran malformaciones múltiples tipo Cantrell. Ninguna gastrosquisis presentó malformaciones asociadas. Se realizaron siete cordocentesis y una amniocentesis a 6 onfaloceles y a 1 gastrosquisis resultando 1 trisomia 18 (onfalocele) y 6 cariogramas normales. Nacieron por cesárea programada 3 de 7 onfaloceles y por cesárea de urgencia 3 de 7 onfaloceles y 7 de 7 gastrosquisis. Un parto vaginal por óbito (trisomía 18). Edad gestacional al parto: 4 de 7 gastrosquisis nacieron de pretérmino: y 3 de 6 onfaloceles. Peso promedio de recién nacidos vivos con gastrosquisis:2.365 g, onfaloceles: 2.770 g. Distribución por sexo en gastrosquisis 6 femeninos / 1 masculino, en onfalocele 4 femeninos / 3 masculinos. Tres de 14 fallecieron en las primeras horas de vida o nacieron muertos. En los primeros tres meses de vida fallecieron 3 de 6 onfaloceles y 1 de...
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Pared Abdominal/anomalías , Pared Abdominal , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Anomalías Congénitas/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gastrosquisis , Hernia Umbilical , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Background: The availability of a serologic test for cat scratch disease in humans has allowed the diagnosis of an increasing number of cases of this disease in Chile. Aim: To perform a serological survey for Bartonella henselae among cats in Chile. Material and methods: Blood samples from 187 cats living in three Chilean cities were obtained. IgG antibodies againts Bartonella henselae were measured using indirect immunofluorescence. Blood cultures were done in 60 samples. The presence of Bartonella henselae in positive cultures was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism polimerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Results: The general prevalence of IgG antibodies against Bartonella henselae was 85.6%. No differences in this prevalence were found among cats younger or older than 1 year, or those infested or not infested with fleas. However domestic cats had a lower prevalence when compared with stray cats (73 and 90% respectively, p <0.01). Bartonella henselae was isolated in 41% of blood cultures. All the isolated were confirmed as Bartonella henselae by RFLP-PCR. Conclusions: This study found an important reservoir of Bartonella henselae in Chilean cats and therefore a high risk of exposure in humans who have contact with them.
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Animales , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Gatos/microbiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/microbiología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Bartonella henselae/inmunología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Chile , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
This paper describes an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins on RBCs. Ether eluates made from RBCs were followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin concentration. Calibration curves were derived from immunoglobulin standards and the number of molecules of each isotype per RBC was calculated. The assay was carried out in 200 healthy blood donors and 62 patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), two of them with a negative DAT. For healthy blood donors, mean values were 58 IgG, 16 IgA, and 3 IgM molecules per RBC. For patients with a positive DAT, the mean values were 3435 IgG, 157 IgA, and 69 IgM molecules per RBC. An increased level of IgA was found in 12 patients without IgA autoantibodies demonstrable in RBC eluates. Increased IgG levels were also observed in patients with a negative DAT and, in one case, an increased level of IgA was also found. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ether eluates is a sensitive method for quantitating RBC autoantibodies in patients with AIHA as well as immunoglobulins bound to RBCs in healthy individuals.
RESUMEN
Twenty-six human respiratory syncytial virus strains (subgroup A) isolated from three outbreaks in Havana City during the period 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 were analyzed to determine their antigenic and genetic relationships. Analyses were performed by monoclonal antibodies and restriction mapping (N gene) following amplification of the select region of the virus genome by polymerase chain reaction. All isolated strains were classified as subgroup A by monoclonal antibodies and they showed a restriction pattern NP4 that belonged to subgroup A. Thus the results obtained in this work, showed a close relation (100%) between antigenic and genetic characterization of the isolated strains in our laboratory. These methods permit the examination of large numbers of isolates by molecular techniques, simplifying the researchs into the molecular epidemiology of the virus.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Preescolar , Cuba/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , Lactante , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/genéticaRESUMEN
Se presenta la evolución y seguimiento de 54 niños con atresia esofágica tratados en la Unidad de Recién Nacidos Patológicos del Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, analizando la muestra según la presencia (grupo A) o ausencia (grupo B) de fístula traqueoesofágica. Los niños con atresia esofágica y fístula traqueoesofágica (grupo A) se subdividen en: grupo A1, peso de nacimiento mayor a 1.500 g y sin malformaciones asociadas; grupo B, recién nacidos con atresia esofágica y sin fístula traqueoesofágica. El grupo A1 está formado por 28 recién nacidos con 100 por ciento de sobrevida. El promedio de hospitalización fue 20,7 días cuando la corrección quirúrgica se efectuó en un tiempo. En el seguimiento, los problemas más frecuentes fueron reflujo gastroesofágico (62,5 por ciento), estenosis esofágica (30,4 por ciento), incoordinación en la deglución (26 por ciento). El 36,3 por ciento está sano. El grupo A2 está formado por 21 recién nacidos con una mortalidad en el período neonatal de 33,3 por ciento y durante el primer año de vida de 57,1 por ciento. Las malformaciones asociadas más frecuentes fueron cardiológicas, anorrectal y urológicas. Siete niños están en seguimiento, tres sin patología. El grupo B está formado por cinco niños, dos con trisomía 21, uno con hidrocefalia y dos sin malformaciones asociadas. La solución de la atresia esofágica es larga y difícil. Se concluye que la mortalidad está dada por las malformaciones asociadas y la evolución posterior no está exenta de problemas
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido , Masculino , Femenino , Atresia Esofágica/complicaciones , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/complicaciones , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Atresia Esofágica/cirugía , Atresia Esofágica/mortalidad , Estenosis Esofágica , Esofagoplastia , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirugía , Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The G protein of 23 strains of human respiratory syncytial virus isolated in Havana, Cuba, between October 1994 and January 1995 was analyzed at the antigenic and genetic level. All viruses reacted with 10 of 11 antibodies specific for the Long strain. Moreover, the G protein gene of the Cuban isolates had only five nucleotide differences from the sequence of the Long gene. The homogeneity of the Cuban isolates and their resemblance to an ancient strain, such as Long, are at odds with previous findings for viruses isolated in countries with a temperate climate and different socioeconomic status. The G proteins of three of four other viruses isolated in Havana 2 years later (1996) were also identical to those of the 1994-to-1995 isolates, and the fourth virus had a single extra nucleotide difference. This, again, is unusual, since no identical viruses had been isolated in different epidemics previously. The singular characteristics of the Cuban isolates reported here are discussed in terms of the epidemiological, climatic, and socioeconomic characteristics of Cuba.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/genética , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Proteína HN , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Cuba , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/genética , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/inmunología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas del Envoltorio ViralRESUMEN
A study about the incidence of Adenovirus on viral conjunctivitis was conducted. A sample design was made and samples of conjunctival exudate were taken from 150 patients with diagnosis of apparently viral conjunctivitis at the "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Ophthalmological Hospital from July to December, 1994. Samples were inoculated in cell culture and the indirect immunofluorescence technique was applied to those with a cytopathogenic effect that suggested infection due to Adenovirus. Monoclonal antibodies were used against Adenovirus allowing to identify them as part of the Adenoviridae family. The hemagglutination technique was used with erythrocytes of monkeys and rats as an indicator system in order to group the isolates previously identified by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Later on, it was made an analysis by restriction enzymes of the viral genome to enable typing. The results of this study showed an incidence of Adenovirus on viral conjunctivitis of 20%, with a confidence interval between 14 and 26% and a reliability index of 95%. It was proved that serotype 37 caused conjunctivitis more frequently.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiología , Conjuntivitis Viral/epidemiología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/virología , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Adenovirus Humanos/inmunología , Adenovirus Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Conjuntivitis Viral/virología , Cuba/epidemiología , ADN Viral/análisis , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Genoma Viral , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Incidencia , Distribución Aleatoria , Mapeo Restrictivo , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to detect sequences of human Papillomavirus (HPV) by controls of cellular lines of cervical cancer and of tissues obtained through biopsy with a HPV-positive clinical diagnosis. A set of consensus oligonucleotides, which are complementary to a highly conserved region within the open reading frame E1 of the viral genome of HPV affecting the cervical mucosa, was used. With these primers it was possible to amplify DNA sequences corresponding to HPV 6 and 11, considered in the low risk group, and to HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33, included in the high risk group. The study of the sensitivity of the amplification technique showed a level of detection of 3,5 viral particles per each cellular diploid genome.
Asunto(s)
Papillomaviridae/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , ADN Viral/análisis , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos , Mapeo Restrictivo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Cultivo de Virus/métodosRESUMEN
The incidence of atherosclerosis of the heart transplant in long term survivors is 38% at 5 years. In the present work, myocardial perfusion 201Tl-SPET was assessed as a non-invasive diagnostic method for the detection of postransplant coronary artery disease, as well as its efficiency with regard to other techniques. Twenty patients, aged (47 +/- 9) years old, who underwent heart transplantation at least 3 years earlier, were studied by 201Tl-SPET. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the images were performed. It was found ischemia in 6 patients, 4 of them asymptomatics. In 5 of the 6 positive cases by SPET coronary stenosis was found by angiography. Kappa coefficient and percent of agreement were k = 0. 76 and Pe = 90%, respectively. There were no relationships among rejection crisis, sepsis by cytomegalovirus and coronary artery disease detected by using 201Tl-SPET (p > 0.05). The most relevant risk factors in the sample were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Two patients died because of coronary artery disease. It was confirmed by necropsy findings. These results suggest that thallium-201 myocardial perfusion tomography could be useful to detect coronary artery disease in the transplanted heart.