RESUMEN
Iron uptake and translocation in plants are important processes for both plant and human nutrition, whereas relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms of iron transport within the plant body. Several reports have shown that yellow stripe 1 (YS1) and YS1-like (YSL) transporters mediate metal-phytosiderophore uptake and/or metal-nicotianamine translocation. Among the 18 YSL genes in rice (OsYSLs), OsYSL18 is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 679 amino acids containing 13 putative transmembrane domains. An OsYSL18-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion was localized to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. Electrophysiological measurements using Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that OsYSL18 transports iron(III)-deoxymugineic acid, but not iron(II)-nicotianamine, zinc(II)-deoxymugineic acid, or zinc(II)-nicotianamine. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed more OsYSL18 transcripts in flowers than in shoots or roots. OsYSL18 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis revealed that OsYSL18 was expressed in reproductive organs including the pollen tube. In vegetative organs, OsYSL18 was specifically expressed in lamina joints, the inner cortex of crown roots, and phloem parenchyma and companion cells at the basal part of every leaf sheath. These results suggest that OsYSL18 is an iron-phytosiderophore transporter involved in the translocation of iron in reproductive organs and phloem in joints.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Azetidinocarboxílico/análogos & derivados , Compuestos Férricos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Ácido Azetidinocarboxílico/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Transporte Biológico Activo , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Genes de Plantas , Técnicas In Vitro , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oocitos/metabolismo , Oryza/anatomía & histología , Oryza/genética , Floema/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Sideróforos/genética , Sideróforos/metabolismo , Distribución Tisular , Xenopus laevisRESUMEN
Nicotianamine (NA), a metal chelator ubiquitous in higher plants, serves as an antihypertensive substance in humans. To engineer a novel antihypertensive rice that contains larger amounts of NA, the barley NA synthase gene, HvNAS1, was introduced into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The introduced HvNAS1 was driven by pGluB-1, which induces strong gene expression in the endosperm of rice seeds. The NA content in transgenic rice seeds was up to fourfold greater than that in non-transgenic rice seeds. The Cre/loxP DNA excision (CLX) system was used to remove the selectable marker gene for antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the transgenic rice was crossed with a cleistogamous mutant to prevent gene transfer via pollen dispersal. These two modifications may minimize public concern with regard to the use of this transgenic rice.
Asunto(s)
Transferasas Alquil y Aril/genética , Antihipertensivos/metabolismo , Ácido Azetidinocarboxílico/análogos & derivados , Oryza/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Transferasas Alquil y Aril/metabolismo , Ácido Azetidinocarboxílico/metabolismo , Cruzamientos Genéticos , ADN de Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Ingeniería Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Hordeum/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Rhizobium/genética , Semillas/genética , Semillas/metabolismo , Transformación GenéticaRESUMEN
In this study 14 Y-STR loci (DYS393, DYS19, DYS391, DYS437, DYS435, DYS439, DYS389II, DYS438, DYS436, DYS390, Y-GATA-H4, DYS385, Y-GATA-A7.1 and DYS392) were analysed in 207 Japanese males from Honshu (main island of Japan, Nagoya City) and 87 Japanese males from Okinawa (southernmost islands of Japan) using two multiplex PCR typing systems, a novel 10-plex amplification system and a new commercially available 6-plex typing kit which had two loci in common. The allele frequency distributions were similar at almost all of the 14 loci. Of the haplotypes observed, 244 were unique in both Japanese populations and 17 haplotypes were observed more than once but the 2 populations shared only 7 haplotypes. The haplotype diversities for the 14 loci were 0.9987 and 0.9976 in Honshu and Okinawa Japanese, respectively. The haplotype analysis at 14 Y-STR loci would be useful for personal identification in forensic fields and for population genetics because of the high divergence of these haplotypes.