RESUMEN
Effects of diazinon, at different concentrations and exposure times, were investigated in freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio, to elucidate the possible mode of action on lipid peroxidation together with the inhibitory effect of diazinon on acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in tissue protein levels. Cholinesterase inhibition is considered to be a specific biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. Fish were exposed to 0.0036 microg/L, 0.018 microg/L, and 0.036 microg/L (sublethal) concentrations of diazinon for 5, 15, and 30 days, and biochemical measurements were carried out spectrophotometrically. Brain was chosen as an indicator tissue because it is a target system for the organophosphorus action. More than 20% decline in acetylcholinesterase activity relative to mean activity of the controls was observed in the diazinon-exposed groups. Protein content decreased significantly after 15 days of exposure to 0.018 microg/L and 0.036 microg/L diazinon and after 30 days of exposure to 0.036 microg/L. Malondialdehyde level declined markedly compared with the control levels. This study showed that prolonged exposures of C. carpio to diazinon had significant effects on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and that environmentally relevant concentrations of diazinon can significantly inhibit brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Altered protein content was probably due to the high energy demand under pesticide stress or inhibition of de novo enzyme synthesis. The decreased malondialdehyde content may reflect the possibility of better protection against oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/toxicidad , Diazinón/toxicidad , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/enzimología , Carpas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
During the last week of December 1989, an outbreak of respiratory system infection involved 32 hospital personnel and 2 patients was detected in Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital. White blood cells count of the patients were either normal or there were a slight leucopenia. Throat cultures of the most patients were normal. Serum ASO, CRP, bilirubin, AST and ALT were usually within normal limits. According to symptoms, signs and laboratory data we considered a viral disease, especially influenza. All patients recovered without any sequelae. Of 34 in-patients, 8 paired sera, 2 acute phase sera, and 10 convalescent phase sera were tested for the presence of Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) antibody to three influenza virus strains recommended by WHO in the 1989-1990 season: Influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1 N1), Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2), Influenza B/Victoria/2/87. All of the sera were negative for Influenza B/Victoria/2/87. There were no significant rises in HT antibody titer for Influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1 N1). The sera for 4 of 8 patients examined both acute and convalescent phase sera had fourfold or greater rise in HI antibody for Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2). Four patients examined only convalescent sera had 1/40 or greater rises in HI antibody for this influenza subtype. It was considered that this influenza outbreak was probably caused by Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2).
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Personal de Hospital , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Virus de la Influenza B/inmunología , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In this paper, a food poisoning outbreak of 42 people who ate the sucuk (Turkish sausage flavored with garlic) which was made of the same meat has been described. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the stool of 20 patients and from the sucuk. Efficacy rate of Ofloxacin was 75 percent in these 20 patients treated Ofloxacin.