RESUMEN
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Defective placentation during early stages of pregnancy in combination with maternal and environmental factors could lead to systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and the manifestation of the clinical symptoms. HLA-G is considered essential for feto-maternal immune tolerance and successful placentation in pregnancy. ACE promotes decidualization, trophoblast proliferation and plays an important role in blood pressure homeostasis. The HLA-G 14bp and ACE IN/DEL polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the development of pre-eclampsia (PE). The present study aimed at investigating the role of HLA-G and ACE gene polymorphisms in the aetiopathogenesis of PE. A total of 412 (206 PE patients and 206 normal pregnant women) blood samples were collected from Govt. maternity hospital, Hyderabad, India. Genotyping was carried out for both the genes using PCR followed by PAGE for HLA-G and AGE for ACE gene polymorphisms. DD(ACE) genotype was observed to be elevated (52.9% vs. 31.1%) in the patient group and ID(ACE) (29.6% vs. 54.8%) in the control group (p<0.05). However, HLA-G polymorphism did not differ between patients and controls (p>0.05). Further, combined genotype analysis revealed ID(HLA-G) DD(ACE) to be predisposing genotypes and ID(HLA-G) ID(ACE) to be protective toward preeclampsia in south Indian Women. The ACE genotype (DD(ACE)) is associated with high levels of angiotensin and seems to predispose the individual to PE. However, women carrying the intermediate levels of ACE and HLA-G associated combined genotype (ID(HLA-G) ID(HLA-G)) appear to be protective against developing PE.
RESUMEN
An experimental model of massive (80%) small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition in between the remnant jejunum and ileum was created in rhesus monkeys. The gastrointestinal functions were assessed preoperatively and at different periods after the operation. Progressive increase in the transit time and enhanced absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12 was observed in these animals. The transit time marginally increased till three months postoperatively, and a significant increase was observed later (4-12 months) in the colon autografted monkeys. After three months, the D-xylose absorption in the colon interpositioned animals was nearly equal to that of normal monkeys. There was no significant difference in the vitamin B12 absorption in the normal and operated animals up to three months, but a significant rise was observed in the latter group after this period. The fecal fat excretion was 33-44% initially, and it gradually decreased to near normal values after nine months. The antiperistaltic colon interposition was effective in improving the early postoperative survival in animals after massive small bowel resection and enhanced the bowel absorption considerably.
Asunto(s)
Colon/trasplante , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Absorción Intestinal , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Peristaltismo , Animales , Sulfato de Bario , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Grasas/metabolismo , Heces/análisis , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagen , Macaca mulatta , Radiografía , Prueba de Schilling , Estómago/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Tiempo , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo , Vitamina B 12/orina , Xilosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The pattern of oxalate uptake in various segments of the bowel has been studied after 80% small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition in Rhesus monkeys. The levels of urinary oxalate excretion were significantly raised in the immediate postoperative period, with progressive reduction at six and 12 months. None of the animals developed renal calculi. The possible benefit of the colon interposition after massive small bowel resection, in the prevention of hyperoxaluria and urolithiasis is suggested. Improvement in the fat malabsorption, formation of insoluble calcium oxalate in the bowel lumen, leading to reduced net intestinal absorption of oxalates is the possible mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Colon/cirugía , Absorción Intestinal , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Oxalatos/metabolismo , Animales , Íleon/metabolismo , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Macaca mulatta , Oxalatos/orina , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The intestinal uptake of zinc was studied in Rhesus monkeys, after 80% small bowel resection and colon interposition in between the remnant jejunum and the ileum. The hair and serum zinc levels decreased in the early postoperative period and gradually attained normal values after three months postoperatively. A significant increase in the zinc uptake was observed in vitro, in the remnant jejunum, ileum and the grafted colon, both in six months and one year old operated monkeys, suggesting a compensatory intestinal adaptation for zinc absorption after massive small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition.