RESUMEN
Since 2011, with the approval of crizotinib and subsequent approval of four additional targeted therapies, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors have become important treatments for a subset of patients with lung cancer. Each generation of ALK inhibitor showed improvements in terms of central nervous system (CNS) penetration and potency against wild-type (WT) ALK, yet a key continued limitation is their susceptibility to resistance from ALK active-site mutations. The solvent front mutation (G1202R) and gatekeeper mutation (L1196M) are major resistance mechanisms to the first two generations of inhibitors while patients treated with the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib often experience progressive disease with multiple mutations on the same allele (mutations in cis, compound mutations). TPX-0131 is a compact macrocyclic molecule designed to fit within the ATP-binding boundary to inhibit ALK fusion proteins. In cellular assays, TPX-0131 was more potent than all five approved ALK inhibitors against WT ALK and many types of ALK resistance mutations, e.g., G1202R, L1196M, and compound mutations. In biochemical assays, TPX-0131 potently inhibited (IC50 <10 nmol/L) WT ALK and 26 ALK mutants (single and compound mutations). TPX-0131, but not lorlatinib, caused complete tumor regression in ALK (G1202R) and ALK compound mutation-dependent xenograft models. Following repeat oral administration of TPX-0131 to rats, brain levels of TPX-0131 were approximately 66% of those observed in plasma. Taken together, preclinical studies show that TPX-0131 is a CNS-penetrant, next-generation ALK inhibitor that has potency against WT ALK and a spectrum of acquired resistance mutations, especially the G1202R solvent front mutation and compound mutations, for which there are currently no effective therapies.
Asunto(s)
Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico , Antineoplásicos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Compuestos Macrocíclicos , Mutación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/química , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/farmacocinética , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/farmacología , Ratones Desnudos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Distribución Tisular , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
The paper presents the activity trends for a novel series of phenoxyacetyl amides as human TRPM8 receptor agonists. This series encompasses in vitro activity values ranging from the micromolar to the picomolar levels. Sensory evaluation of these molecules highlights their relevance as cooling agents for oral applications. The positive outcome of the complete evaluation of N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2-(p-tolyloxy)acetamide resulted in its approval for Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status by the Flavor & Extract Manufacturer Association (FEMA) as FEMA 4809.