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Lymphangiomas are rare congenital benign tumors arising from the lymphatic system mostly encountered in the neck and axillary regions of pediatric patients. Pancreatic cystic lymphangiomas very rarely occur in adults. Radiologically, the lesion may mimic pancreatic carcinoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient found to have an abdominal cystic mass. In this article, we present a 50-year-old man who presented with pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and abdominal swelling. On computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a gross septated cystic lesion was detected in the upper abdomen which extended from the pancreatic corpus to the left liver lobe. The patient underwent complete resection of tumor. Pathology revealed a cystic lymphangioma.

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OBJECTIVE: We changed from ampicillin and gentamicin (AG) to piperacillin-tazobactam (PT) for routine treatment of suspected early-onset sepsis. The rationale for this change included ototoxic and renal toxic effects of gentamicin, resistance to gentamicin in late-onset infections and emergence of ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli. A before and after study was designed before the start of PT administration to monitor whether PT was associated with altered outcomes within the 501 to 1500 g birth weight (Very Low Birth Weight) population. METHOD: Both unmatched and matched comparisons of AG (2007 to 2009) and PT (2010 to 2011) exposed infants are reported. Cohorts were evaluated for initial effectiveness for congenital infections, subsequent morbidities and mortality. RESULTS: Data from 714 patients were collected (499 AG and 215 PT in the unmatched and 301 AG and 183 PT in the matched cohorts). No significant differences in demographics or initial Apgar scores were noted in the unmatched or matched comparisons. There were significant differences in many of the outcomes of interest in both the matched and unmatched comparisons including less necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and less diaper rash with PT versus AG. The only adverse finding with PT was a small, but statistically significant elevation in alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS: Use of PT as the initial empiric antibiotic for very low birth weight infants was not associated with adverse microbiological outcomes. There was no increase in major morbidities. Although outcomes were superior in ≤ 1500 g infants treated with PT when compared with AG, the study design does not allow us to conclude that others will see a reduction in NEC or diaper rash if they implement this alternative.

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A wide variety of handmade firearms have been involved in criminal cases in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. Although they are often very similar to commercially manufactured firearms in terms of design, loading and locking mechanisms, and cocking and firing arrangements, these guns are constructed from cheap materials and are not safe for firing. Handmade firearms manufactured in the Black Sea region of Turkey, particularly in the city of Trabzon, are similar to pistols manufactured by Browning, Luger, Star, Smith and Wesson, Berretta, and MAB. A total of 201 handmade guns referred to the Criminal Police Laboratories for examination from 2003 to 2005 were evaluated with respect to type, number of barrels, size and caliber, rifling, design, mechanism, operability, legality, and similarity to commercial models. We found that most of these handmade guns resembled commercial models in several aspects.

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BACKGROUND: WRKY proteins belong to the WRKY-GCM1 superfamily of zinc finger transcription factors that have been subject to a large plant-specific diversification. For the cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare), three different WRKY proteins have been characterized so far as regulators in sucrose signaling, pathogen defense, and in response to cold and drought. However, their phylogenetic relationship remained unresolved. RESULTS: In this study, we used available sequence information to identify a minimum number of 45 barley WRKY transcription factor (HvWRKY) genes. According to their structural features, the HvWRKY factors were classified into the previously defined polyphyletic WRKY subgroups 1 to 3. Furthermore, we could assign putative orthologs of the HvWRKY proteins in Arabidopsis and rice. While in most cases clades of orthologous proteins were formed within each group or subgroup, other clades were composed of paralogous proteins for the grasses and Arabidopsis only, which is indicative of specific gene radiation events. To gain insight into their putative functions, we examined expression profiles of WRKY genes from publicly available microarray data resources and found group specific expression patterns. While putative orthologs of the HvWRKY transcription factors have been inferred from phylogenetic sequence analysis, we performed a comparative expression analysis of WRKY genes in Arabidopsis and barley. Indeed, highly correlative expression profiles were found between some of the putative orthologs. CONCLUSION: HvWRKY genes have not only undergone radiation in monocot or dicot species, but exhibit evolutionary traits specific to grasses. HvWRKY proteins exhibited not only sequence similarities between orthologs with Arabidopsis, but also relatedness in their expression patterns. This correlative expression is indicative for a putative conserved function of related WRKY proteins in monocot and dicot species.

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This study describes the frequency of mole guns in Turkey by examining the cases sent to the Council of Forensic Medicine of Turkey between 2003 and 2005. In total, 11 mole guns were examined. Mole guns are manufactured to be used as a trap against detrimental animals. Although they are not meant to be used as a firearm, they are able to cause death. Mole guns appearing in regular casework were evaluated in terms of type of the gun, number of barrels, size and caliber, rifling, design, mechanism, fitness for use, legality, and geographical distribution. Ninety-one percent of the guns were 12 gauge. Most commonly they originate from Inner Anatolia. Mole guns are typically handmade. Some examples of injuries and deaths caused by mole guns are also offered.

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This study describes the frequency and type of pen guns in Turkey by examining the cases sent to the Council of Forensic Medicine of Turkey between 2000 and 2004. In total, 32 cases and 61 pen guns were examined. These guns were evaluated in respect of the type of the gun, size and caliber, rifling, design, mechanism, fitness for use, legality, and geographical distribution. Fifty-nine percent of the guns were 22-gauge. Most commonly, they originate from South Eastern Anatolia. It is suggested that the guns are handmade.

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The thermal effects of acute electric trauma to living cells show some variation patterns and kinetics for different body components (muscle, bone, blood-vein and skin). Thermal energy transfer is random with no preferred directions, but electrical energy transfer is vectorial in the direction of the current. In the present study, a total 50 white male Wistar Albino rats, body weight 250-300 g, have been used to study electrical injury mechanism with subsequent change in muscle perfusion at different post-traumatic stages. The muscle temperature was found to increase with a sudden jump from 35.3+/-1.2 to 75.2+/-7.6 degrees C. The bone temperature increased from 35.2+/-1.4 to 45.8+/-1.2 degrees C and decayed slowly within 600+/-90 s. The venous blood curves show a similar pattern to that of muscle with a sudden jump of temperature from 36.4+/-.9 to 40.5+/-3.1 degrees C. The core temperature showed a flat pattern with a slight increase from 36.1+/-0.8 to 37.3+/-0.6 degrees C and the peak temperature was found after 70+/-10 s. From the scintigraphic study, muscle perfusion was found to be a minimum 72 h after electric shock. The right hind limbs of all the rats (ground) exhibited more intense histopathological damages (electric burns) than the left fore limb (source).

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Previously, the immunophilin-like protein TWD1 from Arabidopsis has been demonstrated to interact with the ABC transporters AtPGP1 and its closest homologue, AtPGP19. Physiological and biochemical investigation of pgp1/pgp19 and of twd1 plants suggested a regulatory role of TWD1 on AtPGP1/AtPGP19 transport activities. To further understand the dramatic pleiotropic phenotype that is caused by loss-of-function mutation of the TWD1 gene, we were interested in other TWD1 interacting proteins. AtMRP1, a multidrug resistance-associated (MRP/ABCC)-like ABC transporter, has been isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We demonstrate molecular interaction between TWD1 and ABC transporters AtMRP1 and its closest homologue, AtMRP2. Unlike AtPGP1, AtMRP1 binds to the C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain of TWD1, which is well known to mediate protein-protein interactions. Domain mapping proved that TWD1 binds to a motif of AtMRP1 that resembles calmodulin-binding motifs; and calmodulin binding to the C-terminus of MRP1 was verified. By membrane fractionation and GFP-tagging, we localized AtMRP1 to the central vacuolar membrane and the TWD1-AtMRP1 complex was verified in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation. We were able to demonstrate that TWD1 binds to isolated vacuoles and has a significant impact on the uptake of metolachlor-GS and estradiol-beta-glucuronide, well-known substrates of vacuolar transporters AtMRP1 and AtMRP2.

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Soils vary among different areas, and have some characteristics because of the natural effects and transfers made by human and other living beings in time. So that forensic examination of soil is not only concerned with the analysis of naturally occurring rocks, minerals, vegetation, and animal matter. It also includes the detection of such manufactured materials such as ions from synthetic fertilizers and from different environments (e.g., nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate) as environmental artifacts (e.g., lead or objects as glass, paint chips, asphalt, brick fragments, and cinders) whose presence may impart soil with characteristics that will make it unique to a particular location. Many screening and analytical methods have been applied for determining the characteristics which differentiate and discriminate the forensic soil samples but none of them easily standardized. Some of the methods that applied in forensic laboratories in forensic soil discrimination are the color comparison of the normal air-dried (dehumidified) and overheated soil samples, macroscopic observation, and low-power stereo-microscopic observation, determination of anionic composition by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and the elemental composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and other high sensitivity techniques. The objective of this study was to show the effect of the application of 9 tonnes/cm2 pressure on the elemental compositions obtained by SEM-EDS technique and comparing the discrimination power of the pressed-homogenized and not homogenized forensic soil samples. For this purpose soil samples from 17 different locations of Istanbul were collected. Aliquots of the well mixed samples were dried in an oven at 110-120 degrees C and sieved by using 0.5 mm sieve and then the undersieve fraction(<0.5 mm) of these samples put on an adhesive tape placed on a stub. About 100-150 mg aliquots of dried, sieved samples were pressed under 9 tonnes/cm2 pressure by KBr disk preparation apparatus of an infrared spectrophotometer. Surfaces of the randomized particles and the pressed disks of the soil samples were scanned and the elemental compositions were determined with scanning electron microscope JEO-JSM-5600 equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer OXFORD Link-ISIS-300. The samples from top of the sieves were examined with stereo-microscope equipped with JVC-TK-128DE color video camera and JVC-GV-PT2, digital video printer. Natural and artificial materials that have characteristic features were identified. Then for additional confirmation all soil samples were dried at 120 degrees C and over 780 degrees C and their colors compared. We concluded that pressing the whole sieved soil samples under 9 tonnes/cm2 pressure results in smashing over the harder particles into the softer matrix and results in homogenization of the soil sample. The elemental compositions of these samples obtained by SEM-EDS with 10-fold less standard deviation (S.D.) values and so that with more reproducibility and discrimination power.

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The variety of instruments used for crime of violence is wide. Besides the manufactured legal weapons, there are comparable numbers of purchased instruments, which are used as lethal weapons and significant numbers of comprising home-made ones. The instruments used during the commission of a crime shows similarity throughout the countries. Nevertheless, there are small differences to be seen. The topic of this subject features the types of weapons used in criminal offenses in Turkey.

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In the present study, shots from different ranges were fired using a non-choked pump-action shotgun (Hugsan) of calibre 12 with a bore length of 52cm and pellets of various sizes. The aim of the study is range estimation from the distribution of pellets. Using pellets of 2, 3.5, 5 and 8mm size, 5 shots were fired from: 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25ms. The maximum distance between the pellets in vertical and horizontal direction was measured. Statistical evaluation of the data revealed a highly significant correlation for each pellet type; the constant values a and b were calculated to be used in the linear regression equation y=a+bx. As a conclusion, the linear regression equation as well as table data may allow range determination within acceptable ranges of error for the same barrel length and diameter for the same cartridge type. Under identical conditions they may also provide information for pellets of comparable size.

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Water minimization and exploration of the potential for wastewater recovery and reuse are priority issues of industrial wastewater management. They are extremely significant for the textile industry commonly characterized with a high water demand. The study presents a detailed in-plant control survey for a wool finishing plant. A comprehensive process profile and wastewater characterization indicate that process water consumption can be reduced by 34%, and 23% of the wastewater volume can be recovered for reuse. Treatability of reusable wastewater fraction and the effect of in-plant control applications on effluent treatability were also investigated.

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Corn wet mill effluents are studied in terms of their characteristics relevant for biological treatment. They have a high COD of mainly soluble and biodegradable nature, with practically no soluble inert components. They generate a relatively high level of soluble residual metabolic products, which affects the choice of the appropriate biological treatment and favors aerobic activated sludge process. Experimental assessment of process kinetics yields typical values. Hydrolysis of the slowly biodegradable COD, the rate limiting step for the utilization of substrate, is characterized by an overall rate coefficient, which is within the range commonly associated for the hydrolysis of starch.

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There are different kinds of types of firearms used worldwide and of different origin. This case note evaluates the mole gun, which cannot be found in the literature. This simple gun, which is usually used in the fields against moles, was used in an apartment as a trap against burglars. This instrument manufactured to be used as a trap against detrimental animals, and not to be used as a firearm, can create dangerous situations, if used for different purposes.

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This study investigated relationships between measures of family background, sociometric nominations, perceptions of control, and academic achievement in a sample of Turkish children. The analyses indicated that sociometric measures explained a substantial amount of variation in academic achievement. Perceptions of control emerged as significant predictors of popularity, but not of rejection measures. Parental educational background emerged as a significant predictor of perceptions of control. Both parental educational background and perceptions of control seemed to exert direct and indirect effects on children's grade point averages. The results partially support contextual explanations of academic achievement.

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