RESUMEN
Valproic acid or valproate (VPA) is an anticonvulsive drug used for treatments of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches. VPA is also an epigenetic modulator, inhibiting histone deacetylase, and it has been subjected to clinical study for cancer treatment. During the investigation of VPA on a metabolite profile in a fungus, we found that VPA has significant effects on the production of some fatty acids. Further exploration of VPA on fatty acid profiles of microorganisms, fungi, yeast, and bacteria, as well as representative gut microbiome, revealed that VPA could enhance or reduce the production of some fatty acids. VPA was found to induce the production of trans-9-elaidic acid, a fatty acid that was previously reported to have cellular effects in human macrophages. VPA could also inhibit the production of some polyketides produced by a model fungus. The present work suggests that the induction or inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis by VPA (100 µM) in gut microbiome could give effects to patients treated with VPA because high doses of VPA oral administration (up to 600 mg to 900 mg) are used by patients; the concentration of VPA in the human gut may reach a concentration of 100 µM, which may give effects to gut microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Bacterias/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/biosíntesis , Hongos/metabolismo , Policétidos/metabolismo , Ácido Valproico/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Oléicos/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Two salicylaldehyde derivatives (1 and 2), a hydroxymethylphenol (3), five dihydroisobenzofuran (4-8) derivatives, and a 5-chloro-3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (9), together with a known 3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (10) were isolated from the marine fungus Zopfiella marina BCC 18240 (or NBRC 30420). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed weak antituberculous activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus with MIC values of 25 and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Aldehídos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/química , Aldehídos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus cereus/efectos de los fármacos , Biología Marina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
The effect of coconut water (CW) on biomass and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n3) formation by Schizochytrium mangrovei Sk-02 was studied in a yeast extract-diluted sea water medium. Optimal CW-level was ca. 33% (v/v), resulting in a biomass level of 28 g/l with a DHA-content of 20% (w/w) or 6 g DHA/l, almost 50% higher than in non-supplemented cultures at the same initial sugar level. Study on the growth-promoting effects of coconut water suggested that it could be (partially) mimicked by addition of trace elements; the fatty acids present in CW did not appear to be incorporated or effect fatty acid formation by the organism. CW-addition was also effective in media with other nitrogen sources such as casitone, peptone and tryptone. Its inclusion (at 50% v/v) increased biomass levels two-to-three-fold with concomitant increases in the DHA-level.
Asunto(s)
Cocos/química , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/metabolismo , Eucariontes/metabolismo , Agua/química , Animales , Reactores Biológicos , Medios de CultivoRESUMEN
Production of red pigments (naphthoquinones) by the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps unilateralis BCC 1869 was investigated in this study. Cultivation conditions, including temperature, intitial pH of medium, and aeration, were optimised to improve the yield of total naphthoquinones in shake-flask culture of C. unilateralis. The highest yield of total naphthoquinones (3 g L-1) was obtained from a 28-day culture grown in potato dextrose broth with an initial pH of 7.0, at 28 degrees C with shaking-induced aeration at 200 rpm. An extraction process for isolation of the targeted naphthoquinone, 3,5,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(5-oxohexa-1,3-dienyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (3,5,8-TMON), from a culture of C. unilateralis, was also developed. The yield of 3,5,8-TMON obtained was about 1.2 g L-1 or 40% of total naphthoquinones. The stability of 3,5,8-TMON was very high, even upon exposure to strong sunlight (70,000 lx), high temperature up to 200 degrees C, and acid and alkali solutions at concentrations of 0.1 M.