RESUMEN

Background: Psychological maltreatment (PM) is probably the most difficult child maltreatment form to detect and evaluate. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of an instrument developed to improve accuracy in the assessment of PM severity in Child Protection Services (CPS). Method: Case vignettes representing different severity levels of PM situations were used. 146 CPS psychologists participated in the study. A first group was made up of 115 psychologists who had been trained in the use of the instrument for 4 hours. The second group was made up of 31 psychologists who had been using the instrument for more than 12 months at the time of the study. Psychologists from the first group rated the severity of the vignettes in two ways: applying their own daily work criteria and applying the instrument after the training. Results: Accurate ratings clearly improved when psychologists used the instrument criteria. However, only psychologists who had used the instrument for more than 12 months at the time of the study obtained more than 80% of accurate ratings. Conclusions: Results support the importance for CPS psychologists to use psychological maltreatment severity assessment instruments and show the conditions under which they could be effective(AU)

Antecedentes: el maltrato psicológico en la familia es una de las tipologías de maltrato infantil que presenta mayores dificultades para su identificación y evaluación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el efecto de un nuevo instrumento diseñado para mejorar la valoración de la gravedad de situaciones de maltrato psicológico en los Servicios de Protección Infantil (SPI). Método: se utilizaron doce viñetas que representaban situaciones de maltrato psicológico de diferente gravedad. El estudio se realizó con 146 psicólogos de SPI. Un primer grupo (n = 115) calificó la gravedad de las viñetas antes y después de recibir formación básica sobre el instrumento. Un segundo grupo (n = 31) llevaba ya más de doce meses utilizándolo. Resultados: los resultados mostraron un claro incremento en el porcentaje de psicólogos que calificaron correctamente las viñetas cuando utilizaron el instrumento en comparación a sus criterios previos. Sin embargo, solo alcanzaron un 80% de calificación correcta los profesionales que llevaban más de doce meses utilizándolo en su actividad profesional. Conclusiones: los resultados apoyan la importancia de que los psicólogos de SPI dispongan de instrumentos que les ayuden a valorar la gravedad del maltrato psicológico y muestran las condiciones en que pueden resultar eficaces (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Psychological maltreatment (PM) is probably the most difficult child maltreatment form to detect and evaluate. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of an instrument developed to improve accuracy in the assessment of PM severity in Child Protection Services (CPS). METHOD: Case vignettes representing different severity levels of PM situations were used. 146 CPS psychologists participated in the study. A first group was made up of 115 psychologists who had been trained in the use of the instrument for 4 hours. The second group was made up of 31 psychologists who had been using the instrument for more than 12 months at the time of the study. Psychologists from the first group rated the severity of the vignettes in two ways: applying their own daily work criteria and applying the instrument after the training. RESULTS: Accurate ratings clearly improved when psychologists used the instrument criteria. However, only psychologists who had used the instrument for more than 12 months at the time of the study obtained more than 80% of accurate ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the importance for CPS psychologists to use psychological maltreatment severity assessment instruments and show the conditions under which they could be effective.

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RESUMEN

Frecuentemente se señalan variables emocionales para describir el perfil de los agresores de pareja y para incorporarlas a los programas de tratamiento. El presente estudio compara las puntuaciones en apego adulto, empatía y autoestima de 90 agresores de pareja en prisión con un grupo de control de la población general (N=94). Ambas muestras fueron evaluadas con el cuestionario de apego adulto, el índice de reactividad Interpersonal y la escala de autoestima. Los agresores fueron clasificados en dos conglomerados para valorar la posible existencia de un subtipo patológico y otro parecido a la población general. Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Pese a no confirmarse las hipótesis predominantes a nivel académico, los resultados son congruentes con estudios recientes que señalan la ausencia de diferencias entre agresores y grupos normativos. Se discute el efecto de los instrumentos de evaluación en los resultados y su utilidad para las intervenciones.

It is common to refer emotional variables to describe the profile of partner-violent men as well as to include them in treatment programs. This study compares scores on adult attachment, empathy and self-esteem of 90 offenders in prison and a control group from the general population (N = 94). Both samples were assessed with the adult attachment questionnaire, the interpersonal reactivity index and the rosenberg self-esteem scale. The offenders were also classified into two clusters to assess the possible existence of a pathological subtype and other similar to the control group. The results show no significant differences between groups. Although the prevailing hypothesis in the academic context has not been confirmed, the results are consistent with recent studies that indicate no differences between aggressors and control groups. The effect of the assessment tools on the results and their usefulness for interventions are discussed.

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