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Water-based superamphiphobic coatings are environment-friendly, which have attracted tremendous attention recently, but the performances are severely limited by the dispersibility of hydrophobic particles. To solve the poor dispersibility of modified silica powder with hydrophobicity, silica dispersion was blended with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion and modified aluminum tripolyphosphate (ATP) dispersion to successfully prepare water-based coatings. Multifunctional coatings were prepared by one-step spraying. It possessed good adhesion (grade 1), excellent antifouling, impact resistance, chemical stability (acid and alkali resistance for 96 h of immersion), and corrosion resistance (3.5 wt % NaCl solutions for 20 days). More importantly, the superamphiphobic coatings had high contact angles (CAs) and low slide angles (SAs) for ethylene glycol (CAs = 154 ± 0.8°; SAs = 13 ± 0.7°) and water (CAs = 158 ± 0.7°; SAs = 4 ± 0.3°). Furthermore, the composite coating was still hydrophobic after 35 cycles of wear with high roughness sandpaper (120 mesh) under three different loads, which maintained superamphiphobicity at 425 °C. This work is expected to provide a facile idea and method for the preparation of waterborne superamphiphobic coatings.
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The spatial distribution and pollution level of heavy metal(loid)s in soil (0-6 m) from a typical industrial region in Jiangmen City, Southeast China was investigated. Their bioaccessibility, health risk, and human gastric cytotoxicity in topsoil were also evaluated using an in vitro digestion/human cell model. The average concentrations of Cd (87.52 mg/kg), Co (106.9 mg/kg), and Ni (1007 mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening values. The distribution profiles of metal(loid)s showed a downward migration trend to reach a depth of 2 m. The highest contamination was found in topsoil (0-0.5 m), with the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, and Ni being 46.98, 348.28, 317.44, and 2395.60 mg/kg, respectively, while Cd showed the highest bioaccessibility in the gastric phase (72.80 %), followed by Co (21.08 %), Ni (18.27 %), and As (5.26 %) and unacceptable carcinogenic risk. Moreover, the gastric digesta of topsoil suppressed the cell viability and triggered cell apoptosis, evidenced by disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increase of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) and Caspases 3/9 mRNA expression. Bioaccessible Cd in topsoil was responsible for those adverse effects. Our data suggest the importance to reduce Cd in the soil to decrease its adverse impacts on the human stomach.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Humanos , Cadmio/toxicidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Medición de Riesgo , Metales Pesados/análisis , China , Suelo , Estómago/químicaRESUMEN
Water-based superamphiphobic coatings that are environmentally friendly have attracted tremendous attention recently, but their performances are severely limited by dispersibility and mechanical durability. Herein, a dispersion of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/SiO2@cetyltrimethoxysilane&sodium silicate-modified aluminum tripolyphosphate (PTFE/SiO2@CTMS&Na2SiO3-ATP) superamphiphobic coatings was formed by mechanical dispersion of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) emulsion (PTFE), modified silica emulsion (SiO2@CTMS), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), and modified aluminum tripolyphosphate (modified ATP). The four kinds of emulsions were mixed together to effectively solve the dispersity of waterborne superamphiphobic coatings. Robust waterborne superamphiphobic coatings were successfully obtained by one-step spraying and curing at 310 °C for 15 min, showing strong adhesive ability (grade 1 according to the GB/T9286), high hardness (6H), superior antifouling performance, excellent impact resistance, high-temperature resistance (<415 °C), anticorrosion (immersion of strong acid and alkali for 120 h), and heat insulation. Remarkably, the prepared coating surface showed superior wear resistance, which can undergo more than 140 abrasion cycles. Moreover, the composite coating with 35.53 wt % SiO2@CTMS possesses superamphiphobic properties, with contact angles of 160 and 156° toward water and glycerol, respectively. The preparation method of superamphiphobic coatings may be expected to present a strategy for the preparation of multifunctional waterborne superamphiphobic coatings with excellent properties and a simple method.
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BACKGROUND: A large number of pneumonia cases due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been first reported in China. Meanwhile, the virus is sweeping all around the world and has infected millions of people. Fever and pulmonary symptoms have been noticed as major and early signs of infection, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were also observed in a significant portion of patients. The clinical investigation of disease onset was underestimated, especially due to the neglection of cases presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. AIM: To characterize the clinical features of coronavirus-infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center case series of the general consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Wuhan Union Hospital from February 2, 2020 to February 13, 2020. According to their initial symptoms, these patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group one presented with pulmonary symptoms (PS) as initial symptoms, and group two presented with gastrointestinal symptoms (GS). Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 50 patients recruited, no patient has been admitted to intensive care units, and no patient died during the study. The duration of hospitalization was longer in the GS group than in the PS group (12.13 ± 2.44 vs 10.00 ± 2.13, P < 0.01). All of the 50 patients exhibited decreased lymphocytes. However, lymphocytes in the GS group were significantly lower compared to those in the PS group (0.94 ± 0.06 vs 1.04 ± 0.15, P < 0.01). Procalcitonin and hs-CRP were both significantly higher in the GS group than in the PS group. Accordingly, the duration of viral shedding was significantly longer in the GS group compared to the PS group (10.22 ± 1.93 vs 8.15 ± 1.87, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms need more days of viral shedding and hospitalization than the patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms.
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Spinibarbus caldwelli is an omnivorous cyprinid fish that is distributed widely in China. To investigate the adaptive evolution of S. caldwelli, the muscle transcriptome was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. A total of 80,447,367 reads were generated by next-generation sequencing. Also, 211,386 unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly. Additionally, we calculated that the divergence time between S. caldwelli and Sinocyclocheilus grahami is 23.14 million years ago (Mya). And both of them diverged from Ctenopharyngodon idellus 46.95 Mya. Furthermore, 38 positive genes were identified by calculating Ka/Ks ratios from 9225 orthologs. Among them, several immune-related genes were identified as positively selected, such as POLR3B, PIK3C3, TOPORS, FASTKD3, CYPLP1A1, and UACA. Our results throw light on the nature of the natural selection of S. caldwelli and contribute to future immunological and transcriptome studies.
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Arsenic trioxide has been proven to trigger apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress has been known to be involved in apoptosis through the induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. However, it is unknown whether endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our data showed that arsenic trioxide significantly induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, arsenic trioxide triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, as indicated by endoplasmic reticulum dilation, upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. We further found that 4-phenylbutyric acid, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, alleviated arsenic trioxide-induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. More important, knockdown of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein by siRNA or inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid alleviated apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide. Consequently, our results suggested that arsenic trioxide could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein might play an important role in this process.