RESUMEN
AIM: Long-term exposure of humans to low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) leads to a statistically significant increase in tumor incidence. Mechanisms of such the effects are unclear, but features of oxidative stress in living cells under RF-EMR exposure were previously reported. Our study aims to assess a production of initial free radical species, which lead to oxidative stress in the cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryos of Japanese quails were exposed in ovo to extremely low intensity RF-EMR of GSM 900 MHz (0.25 µW/cm2) during 158-360 h discontinuously (48 c - ON, 12 c - OFF) before and in the initial stages of development. The levels of superoxide (O2·-), nitrogen oxide (NO·), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and antioxidant enzymes' activities were assessed in cells/tissues of 38-h, 5- and 10-day RF-EMR exposed and unexposed embryos. RESULTS: The exposure resulted in a significant persistent overproduction of superoxide and nitrogen oxide in embryo cells during all period of analyses. As a result, significantly increased levels of TBARS and 8-oxo-dG followed by significantly decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were developed in the exposed embryo cells. CONCLUSION: Exposure of developing quail embryos to extremely low intensity RF-EMR of GSM 900 MHz during at least one hundred and fifty-eight hours leads to a significant overproduction of free radicals/reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage of DNA in embryo cells. These oxidative changes may lead to pathologies up to oncogenic transformation of cells.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Embrión no Mamífero/efectos de la radiación , Radicales Libres/efectos adversos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ondas de Radio/efectos adversos , Animales , Codorniz , Especies Reactivas de OxígenoRESUMEN
Data are presented concerning the effects of the use of monochromatic visible light in biology and medicine. It is shown that enzymes of energetic system are primary acceptors of monochromatic visible light. A mechanism of photoactivation consists in increasing the activity of enzymes of electron-transfer chain, that includes photolysis of nitrosyl enzyme complexes.