RESUMEN
The disinfection services experience acute demand for atomizers. In view of the fact that operation of all atomizing units is based on the same physical principles and that their use is associated with the solution of the same physical problems, for disinfection needs, use can be made of the equipment manufactured by medical industry as well as of the analogous units applied in related spheres: in veterinary, field-crop cultivation, forestry, horticulture, in carrying out finishing works during construction, and in homes. Atomizers manufactured by different bodies are reviewed. The main characteristics of the units are provided.
Asunto(s)
Propelentes de Aerosoles/normas , Aerosoles/normas , Desinfectantes/administración & dosificación , Desinfección/instrumentación , Medicina del Trabajo/normas , Saneamiento/instrumentación , Esterilización/instrumentación , Propelentes de Aerosoles/clasificación , Desinfección/normas , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , Saneamiento/normas , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Two Soviet sprayers (ABD-2600H and EOC-5) are recommended for the disinfection of the surfaces and indoor air in the curative and prophylactic facilities. A special impetus has been given to the use of chloramine aerosols that ensure higher efficacy of disinfection, reduce the aerosol consumption and the period of the presence of active chlorine in the air of the treated place.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Cloraminas/administración & dosificación , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Desinfección/métodos , Hospitales/normas , Esterilización/métodos , Propelentes de Aerosoles , Aerosoles , Desinfección/instrumentación , Humanos , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Relative activity of chemicals and their specific activity coefficients are suggested as the criteria for comparative assessment of insecticidal properties of substances. Values of the afore-mentioned parameters of 34 chemicals compared to a standard are presented for 3 insect species: red cockroaches, house flies and bed-bugs.
Asunto(s)
Cucarachas , Moscas Domésticas , Insecticidas , Animales , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Physical and mechanical parameters of the paint-sprayer 2600H were studied under laboratory conditions. Studies of the feasibility of using this device for desinsection were performed under real conditions in moderate--and hot-climate areas. High efficiency of POC and pyrethroids spraying for home mosquito and fly control was demonstrated. High pressure paint-sprayer treatment ensured a longer residual effect than "Automax". The use of the sprayer for desinsection may save time and labour.
Asunto(s)
Control de Insectos/instrumentación , Piretrinas , TriclorfónRESUMEN
A formula for the filling of aerosol containers has been elaborated on the basis of a mixture of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) gamma isomer and tetrametrin, in a ratio 3:1 with the addition of furniture varnish NC-62 to produce the film, Khladon 11/12 (5050) served as propellent. The study of the process of crystallization of the insecticides on the surface of the film has shown that the effectiveness of insecticidal varnishes is the higher, the smaller the size of the crystals and the easier they can be removed from the surface of the film. This can be achieved by including tetrametrin along with HCH gamma isomer in the formula. The testing of the insecticidal activity and toxicity of aerosols prepared according to the elaborated formula has demonstrated high insecticidal activity of the composition with respect to synanthropic cockroaches and fairly low toxicity with respect to warm-blooded animals.
Asunto(s)
Cucarachas , Insecticidas , Aerosoles , Animales , Hexaclorociclohexano , Control de Insectos , PiretrinasRESUMEN
On the basis of experimental data, the authors present a group of parameters for the purpose of unification of comparative evaluation of the insecticidal effect of preparations in aerosol containers designed for combatting flying and non-flying domestic insects. The advisability of evaluation of the effect of the preparations for combatting flying insects according to the concentration of insecticides ensuring death of flies in the course of 15 min and the corresponding expenditure of the mixture has been substantiated. Preparations designed for combatting non-flying insects should be evaluated according to the coefficients of acute action, ovicidal and residual effects. To facilitate analysis and evaluation of the preparations in aerosol containers, the authors propose their classification according to the parameters of the insecticidal effect. Classification of the preparations under study according to their parameters is presented. It has been demonstrated that compositions containing pyrethroids and their mixtures with DDVP--Neofos, Neofos-2 and Pif-Paf are the most efficient.
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas , Aerosoles , Animales , Chinches , Cucarachas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Moscas Domésticas , Larva , MasculinoRESUMEN
A study of some insecticidal properties of a new pyrethroid, permethrin, showed that it was a highly effective insecticide at contact, superior in this respect to neopinamin for German cockroaches, houseflies and bedbugs and superior to sumithrin for German cockroaches. Combinations of permethrin with neopinamin displayed synergism. The most active combination contained permethrin and neopinamin in a ratio of 9:1. This combination surpassed in insecticidal activity the most effective combination of sumithrin with neopinamin.
Asunto(s)
Chinches , Cucarachas , Moscas Domésticas , Insecticidas , Piretrinas , Animales , Permetrina , Sinergistas de PlaguicidasRESUMEN
Insecticido-repellent mixtures sprayed on clothes, nets etc. are useful as a means of protection against attack by bloodsucking arthropods. These sprays provide repellence of insects sensitive to the repellent and kill those that are only weakly repellent sensitive. Combined formulae for aerosols including repellent DETA and the synthetic pyrethroid neopynamin ("Neorepellent-2") or sumithrin ("Sumirepellent") were proposed. The composite sprays were studied in an olfactometer fleas (X. cheopis) and under practical conditions by treating clothes with 7-15 g of mixture per 1 m2. The composite sprays gave 100% repellence for fleas and mosquitoes, 80-50% repellence for simuliids, 65-70% repellence for ceratopogonids and tabanids, 90-95% for ticks, and they killed 100% of insects having contacted treated surface. As regards Ixodes ticks, "Sumirepellent" was more effective than "Neorepellent-2" and caused irreversible paralysis. Toxicological tests showed the composite sprays to be safe in broad-scale practical use provided that measures of precaution were kept.
Asunto(s)
Repelentes de Insectos , Insecticidas , Aerosoles , Animales , DEET/efectos adversos , Humanos , Repelentes de Insectos/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Ácidos Ftálicos/efectos adversos , Piretrinas/efectos adversos , Conejos , Siphonaptera , GarrapatasAsunto(s)
Insecticidas , Piretrinas , Aedes , Aerosoles , Animales , Cucarachas , Dípteros , HemípterosRESUMEN
The examination of insecticidal properties of the new pyrethroid--sumithrin--showed this compound in contact action to be a highly effective insecticide, superior in activity to neopinamine. The intestinal action of sumithrin is less pronounced in comparison with neopinamine. Sumithrin is more selective in its effect on insects as compared with neopinamine. In the form of earosols, sumithrin and its mixtures with DDVP are less active than compositions based on neopinamine.
Asunto(s)
Chinches , Cucarachas , Moscas Domésticas , Piretrinas , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratones , Piretrinas/toxicidadRESUMEN
Systematic studies of the effectivity of aerosols of the mixtures of DDVP and pyrethroids tested on house flies revealed synergism among the mentioned substances the degree of which was determined by the composition of the mixtures. Among the formulae under study, the mixture of DDVP and neopynamin in a ratio 9 : 1 is of greatest interest.
Asunto(s)
Diclorvos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Sinergistas de Plaguicidas , Piretrinas , Aerosoles , Animales , InsectosRESUMEN
The study of insecticidal properties of sumitrin demonstrated that in contact action it was a highly effective insecticide; in topical application LD50 for domestic flies, bedbugs and cockroaches was 0.47, 1.25 and 3.26 mug/g, respectively. Sumitrin possessed high action selectivity for insects and low toxicity for warm-blooded animals (LD50 for albino mice greater than 7500 mg/kg). In the form of aerosols sumitrin and its mixtures with DDVF were less active than compositions on the neopinamine base.