RESUMEN
The exponential rise in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) parallels the ever-increasing consumption of energy-dense diets, underscoring the need for effective MASLD-resolving drugs. MASLD pathogenesis is linked to obesity, diabetes, "gut-liver axis" alterations, and defective interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling. Although barrier-protective IL-22 blunts diet-induced metabolic alterations, inhibits lipid intake, and reverses microbial dysbiosis, obesogenic diets rapidly suppress its production by small intestine-localized innate lymphocytes. This results in STAT3 inhibition in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and expansion of the absorptive enterocyte compartment. These MASLD-sustaining aberrations were reversed by administration of recombinant IL-22, which resolved hepatosteatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. Exogenous IL-22 exerted its therapeutic effects through its IEC receptor, rather than hepatocytes, activating STAT3 and inhibiting WNT-ß-catenin signaling to shrink the absorptive enterocyte compartment. By reversing diet-reinforced macronutrient absorption, the main source of liver lipids, IL-22 signaling restoration represents a potentially effective interception of dietary obesity and MASLD.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to propose a cuff-less, cost-efficient, and ultra-convenient blood pressure monitoring technique with a 3-axis accelerometer. METHODS: The efficacy of the proposed approach was examined in 8 young healthy volunteers undergoing different activities with a 3-axis accelerometer leveled on their upper chest. The 3-dimensional accelerations were exploited to select features for the calculation of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP); the whole process involved signal processing, feature extraction, linear multivariate regression, and leave-one-out cross validations (LOOCV). RESULTS: DP and SP could be approximated with the linear combination of the extracted features: the L2 norm of lateral acceleration for both DP and SP, state variation (defined in the proposed algorithm) of vertical acceleration for SP, and I-J interval (defined in ballistocardiogram) of vertical acceleration for DP. The correlation coefficient (r) of the estimated and the measured DP was 0.97, and for SP, r = 0.96. In LOOCV, our best validated results in difference errors were -0.02±3.82 mmHg for DP and -0.59 ± 7.46 mmHg for SP. CONCLUSION: Compared to AAMI criteria, the proposed acceleration-based technique fulfilled the requirement. The accelerometer-based technique showed the potential to monitor blood pressure cuff-lessly, cost-efficiently, ultra-conveniently, and to be embedded in a long-term wearable device for clinical usage.