RESUMEN
Absorption rate constants (in situ rat gut technique) and in vitro antibacterial activities of twenty fluoroquinolones have been evaluated. A biophysical model that relates the absorption of the compounds with their lipophilicity was fitted. The model considers the absorption process from the intestinal lumen as the sum of two resistances in series: aqueous diffusional barrier and lipoidal membrane. Even if partitioning into the membrane and membrane diffusion are both enhanced for lipophilic compounds, the absorption rate constant is limited by the aqueous diffusion. To estimate the influence of structural modifications on each property and to establish the role of lipophilicity in controlling in situ absorption and in vitro antibacterial activity, the PATQSAR search system is used to construct structure-property relationships. The structural models, which explain 99% of the total variance of each physicochemical property and 96% of each in vitro biological activity, provide an explicit and precise interpretation of lipophilicity, absorption, and antimicrobial activity. The results confirm the important role of lipophilicity in controlling absorption, as pointed out by the biophysical model for the piperazinyl series, and suggest the introduction of electronic factors in order to extend the model to heterologues. They also justify the mechanism by which quinolones are assumed to induce antibacterial activity.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacocinética , Biofisica , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Algoritmos , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Biofísicos , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Fluoroquinolonas , Técnicas In Vitro , Lípidos/química , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Estructurales , Población , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The Morris water-maze has been designed to test spatial orientation ability, learning and memory processes. In order to improve the analyse of the organization of the trajectory of rats, during the training phase, a computer program was elaborated. The study of the effect of a benzodiazepine, diazepam, was chosen to illustrate and validate this methodological approach. Results showed that rats pre-treated with diazepam (2 mg/kg) presented an impairment of spatial learning associated with the occurrence of a stereotyped circular swimming behaviour.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Diazepam/efectos adversos , Orientación/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Natación , Animales , Aprendizaje/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , PiscinasRESUMEN
Thirty-seven arylcyclohexylamines including phencyclidine (PCP) and derivatives, N[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP) and derivatives and N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP) were assessed for their ability to inhibit [3H]PCP binding and [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) synaptosomal uptake. Their pharmacological property (ataxia) was measured by means of the rotarod test. A very good correlation was observed between the inhibition of [3H]PCP binding and the [3H]DA uptake only for arylcyclohexylamines bearing an unmodified phenyl group. Conversely the comparison between the inhibition of [3H]PCP binding and the activity in the rotarod test shows a good correlation with arylcyclohexylamines having any aromatic group (phenyl, substituted phenyl and thienyl rings). This study outlined a new compound (BTCP) without ataxic effect, which is one of the more potent inhibitors of the [3H]DA uptake (IC50 = 8 nM) and which seems very specific since it has a low affinity for [3H]PCP receptors (IC50 = 6 microM). These data show that the aromatic group of the compounds leads to molecules that bind differently to the PCP receptor and to the DA uptake complex. They also suggest that the behavioral properties of arylcyclohexylamines revealed by the rotarod test occur essentially as a result of an interaction with the sites labeled with [3H]PCP and that TCP is more selective than PCP itself in this recognition.