RESUMEN
The research included evaluation of express-diagnosis capability of immunochromatographic assay (ICA) Binax NOW (Alere, Inc., USA) for diagnosis of the rhinosinusitis caused by to detect the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen directly in clinical samples. The unique feature of the method included obtaining samples with an electric suction machine in order to evaluate aspirate from deep parts of the nasal cavity. Diagnostic capability of the Binax NOW was determined in a comparative study using classical bacteriological method in 100 clinical samples. Pneumococcus was isolated in 16 patients (16±3,7%) via bacteriological method. ICA utilization allowed to reveal pneumococcal antigen in 20 cases (20±4,0%). ICA test sensitivity equaled 87,5%, specificity - 92,9%. Obtained results allow us to recommend ICA for identification of pneumococcal infection in patients with sinusitis for practicing physicians. The advantages of the evaluated method were fast results (for up to 15 min) and possibility of non-invasive sampling technique of clinical specimens.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Neumocócicas , Rinitis , Sinusitis , Antígenos Bacterianos , Humanos , Infecciones Neumocócicas/diagnóstico , Rinitis/diagnóstico , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Sinusitis/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pneumoniaeRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Molecular-genetic monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistant strains circulation as well as analysis of territorial peculiarities of different genetic variants prevalence of the virus is a crucial part of epidemiological surveillance over HIV-infection spread. PURPOSE: Objective of the research - to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 genetic variants among HIV-positive people living in different constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Molecular-genetic analysis of the Pol-gene that is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed for a total number of 206 blood plasma samples. The biological material was collected from HIV-positive people living in Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, Jewish Autonomous District, Khabarovsk region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka Autonomous Region (constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East). RESULTS: The research demonstrated that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 continues to be dominant and comprises 72.1±3.1% of all isolated subtypes in the regions of the Russian Far East. HIV-1 subtype B was identified in 14 cases (6.8±1.8%) and subtype C in 4 cases (1.9±1.0%). Spectrum of HIV-1 recombinant forms was determined for some regions. We identified five types of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF03_AB - 2 (0.9±0.7%), CRF02_AG - 8 (3.9±1.3%), CRF63_02A1 - 27 (13.1±2.4%), CRF11_cpx - 1 (0.5±0.5%), CRF01_AE - 3 (1.5±0.8%). High heterogeneity of the virus was registered in the Jewish Autonomous District. DISCUSSION: The conducted research revealed genetic differences in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulation as well as differences in HIV-1 recombinant forms distribution frequency in the Russian Far East. Current findings are due to expansion of migration flows that promote cross-border importation and further spread of different HIV-1 genetic variants among population of the Far Eastern Federal District. CONCLUSION: The conducted research revealed that the molecular-genetic monitoring of HIV-1 genovariants should involve not only regions with high HIV-abundance but also with low HIV-prevalence and incidence.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Viral , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/genética , VIH-1/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Determine features of epidemic process (EP) of Sonnei dysentery in Khabarovsk Region in 2012 - 2014 due to atypical causative agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed characteristics of 161 cultures of Shigella sonnei isolated from 81 patients from epidemic focus in children boarding school in Bikin as well as from 22 patients from sporadic and group foci of dysenteryin Khabarovsk (biochemical type, colicin-genotype, spectrum of drug resistance) is given. Molecular-biologic subtyping was carried out for 11 strains by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method (PFGE). RESULTS: Materials of observation of a prolonged foci of Sonnei dysentery with contact-domestic transmission route of the infection in children boarding house for disabled (October 2012 - September 2014) are presented. The diseases are etiologically connected with atypical mannitol- negative types of shigella isolated for the first time in 40 years of observation in Khabarovsk region. Epidemic process of shigellosis was supported by prolonged carriership of the causative agent in patients and special contingent ofthe nursing home. Shigella cultures isolated in the focus belonged to the same colicin-genotype and 2 distinct drug resistance clones, but a single genotype established by PFGE method. CONCLUSION: Results of the studies give evidence on the importance of determi- nation of traditional phenotypic and contemporary genotypic variants of shigella and the neces- sity of search for arguments, additional methodic approaches for establishing similarities and differences of shigella isolates from within the same outbreak of the diseases as well as for com- parison of strains circulating in different territories.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Brotes de Enfermedades , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Disentería Bacilar , Genotipo , Shigella sonnei , Disentería Bacilar/epidemiología , Disentería Bacilar/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Manitol/metabolismo , Shigella sonnei/clasificación , Shigella sonnei/genética , Shigella sonnei/aislamiento & purificación , Shigella sonnei/metabolismo , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Investigations were conducted in late June to early June 2013. The population density of mollusks of the genus Juga in the shoreline and littoral covered by meadow waters was 10 to 30 specimens/m2; there were solitary specimens of the genus Parafossarulus. Fourteen out of 39 fish species were invaded by metacercariae of Clonorchis. Manchurian spiny loaches (Leptobotia) and Light's bitterling (Rhodeus lighti) are first registered to be hosts of Clonorchis. The metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and those of Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi were in the kidneys, fin muscles, and gills of taimen (Hucho) and lenok (Brachymystax lenok) from the Khor River. The invasion rate for the taimen was greater than 1000 metacercariae and that for the lenok was not more than 720 metacercariae per fish.
Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Enfermedades de los Peces , Ríos/parasitología , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Zoonosis , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Peces , Siberia , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Parasitological investigations of 529 specimens of 7 fish species from the water basins of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2009-2013 revealed the high extensity (11.7 to 100%) and intensity (as many as 9341 larvae per fish) of invasion with N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria in salmonlike fishes from the mountain tributaries (Khor, Anyui, and Manoma) of the Amur river. The examined specimens of four salmonlike fish species (Thymallus tugarinae, Hucho taimen, Brachymystax tumensis and B. lenok) showed an increase in all indicators of infestation: invasion extensity (IE), invasion intensity (II), and abundance index (AI) with age. Moreover, IE peaked just in a 3-4-year-old fish (and in 1-year-old B. lenok) and further remained virtually unchanged. N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria accumulated in the fish trunk with age, by maintaining their viability. With very high II, practically 100% infestation in B. lenok makes the population run the maximum risk of Nanophyetus infection with the dietary intake of this fish species if it is not disinfected. Examination of the distribution of N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria in the trunk of Thymallus tugarinae showed that over 50% of larvae were detectable in the kidneys. This peculiarity of their localization could propose a simple method to determine II for Nanophyetus larvae in salmonlike fishes. Recommendations for reducing the risk of human infection with trematodes are given.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Salmonidae/parasitología , Trematodos/fisiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/transmisión , Humanos , Riñón/parasitología , Larva/fisiología , Carga de Parásitos , Ríos/parasitología , Siberia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/transmisiónRESUMEN
We analysed natural recombination in 79 Human enterovirus A strains representing 13 serotypes by sequencing of VP1, 2C and 3D genome regions. The half-life of a non-recombinant tree node in coxsackieviruses 2, 4 and 10 was only 3.5 years, and never more than 9 years. All coxsackieviruses that differed by more than 7â% of the nucleotide sequence in any genome region were recombinants relative to each other. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), on the contrary, displayed remarkable genetic stability. Three major EV71 clades were stable for 19-29 years, with a half-life of non-recombinant viruses between 13 and 18.5 years in different clades. Only five EV71 strains out of over 150 recently acquired non-structural genome regions from coxsackieviruses, while none of 80 contemporary coxsackieviruses had non-structural genes transferred from the three EV71 clades. In contrast to earlier observations, recombination between VP1 and 2C genome regions was not more frequent than between 2C and 3D regions.
Asunto(s)
Enterovirus Humano A/genética , Evolución Molecular , Pool de Genes , Recombinación Genética , Inestabilidad Genómica , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Parasitological examination of the population of the Amur Region has revealed that the nanophyetiasis foci affecting as high as 28.4% of the people are being preserved and functioning now; at the same time the highest rates of infection with the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi are seen in the dwellers of the populated areas situated on the banks of the mountain Amur tributaries. It has been ascertained that the major season when the population is infected with Nanophyetus is summer and its highest incidence are noted in autumn (November) after the active fishing season is completed. It has been found that infection occurs in infants and the maximum incidence is in the age group of 21-30 years (45.5%) and remains virtually the same in a middle-aged population [31-50 years (37.0-42.2%)], by decreasing slightly in the older age groups (18.2-21.7%). According to the questionnaire survey data, fish (90% of its species are an intermediate host for Nanophyetus) is a staple food in the population of the highest incidence rural areas. The major causes of Nanophyetus infection are the wide consumption of raw and low-salt fish and a low population awareness of measures to prevent helminthiasis, the transmission factor of which is fish.
Asunto(s)
Peces/parasitología , Trematodos/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ríos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
6 year molecular-biological monitoring of enteroviruses in the Far East and Zabaikalye was carried out. Nucleotide sequence of 125 strains was determined from 2006 to 2011. Molecular analysis was carried out in VP1 virus genome region. Phylogenetic interactions for ECHO-6, ECHO-30, ECHO-11, Coxsackie B-5 (CB-5), Coxsackie B-1 (CB-1) and Coxsackie A-9 (CA-9) were analyzed. Highly dynamic epidemiology was shown to be inherent for ECHO-6 and ECHO-30 viruses and is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and consequent change of virus variants. On the contrary a relative stability of circulating genotypes is intrinsic for CB-1, CB-5 and ECHO-11 enteroviruses. The results of molecular-biological studies indicate frequent introduction of new enterovirus variants from countries of Europe and Asia.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/genética , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Epidemiología Molecular , Infecciones por Enterovirus/transmisión , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A review of recent publications on epidemiology and seroepidemiology of enterovirus type 71 in various regions of the world and authors' own results of study of seroepidemiology and molecular epidemiology of EV71 in Russia are presented.
Asunto(s)
Enterovirus Humano A/genética , Enterovirus Humano A/inmunología , Infecciones por Enterovirus , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/genética , Infecciones por Enterovirus/inmunología , Humanos , Epidemiología Molecular/métodos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosAsunto(s)
Conjuntiva/parasitología , Dirofilaria repens/fisiología , Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Párpados/parasitología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Conjuntiva/cirugía , Dirofilariasis/diagnóstico , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Dirofilariasis/cirugía , Párpados/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) of high carcinogenesis risk play important role in development of cancer of oropharyngeal and anogenital areas. Possible malignant transformation of cells, infected by HPV, is due to the expression of three proteins, E6, E7 and E5. These proteins mostly influence on mechanisms that regulate cellular cycle, proliferation and apoptosis inducing and maintaining oncogenesis. This review briefly presents data on malignant tumors induced by HPV as well as biology of these viruses and their vital cycle. Special accent is made on description of current trends in molecular basis of oncogenesis, induced by HPV, which understanding is necessary for elaboration of new methods of treatment for HPV-infection such as therapeutic vaccines.
Asunto(s)
Alphapapillomavirus/patogenicidad , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/virología , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Ano/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Ano/virología , Apoptosis/genética , Ciclo Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/virología , Neoplasias de los Genitales Masculinos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Genitales Masculinos/virología , Genoma Viral , Inestabilidad Genómica , Humanos , Masculino , Ciclo Menstrual , Mutación , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
611 patients with acute parenteral virus hepatitis (VH) were studied with a view to find out markers indicating the presence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection (HB, HC, HB + C, HC + HBsAg). Of these, 166 patients (27.2%) systematically used narcotic drugs intravenously. Essential differences between drug users and VH patients without drug addiction were established regarding the distribution of patients by age and sex, the etiological structure and severity of the disease. Thus, in the group of drug users the prevalence of males, young people (15-29 years of age) and the mixed form of hepatitis B + C was noted. In VH patients using drug the disease took a more severe course than in such patients without drug addiction. The highest proportion of intravenously drug users with a severe and moderate course of the disease was found among patients with HB + C and HB.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/inmunología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/inmunología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Distribución por Sexo , Siberia/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immunity were studied in 611 patients with different etiological forms of acute virus hepatitides (HB, HC, HB + C, HC + HBsAg). As the result of the systematic abuse of psychoactive preparations, introduced by intravenous injection, in 166 patients (27.2%) drug addiction developed, ehile 445 (72.8%) patients had no addiction. The study revealed that in drug users with HB the secondary T-cell immunodeficiency of the hyposuppressor type in combination with depression in B-cell-mediated immunity (a decrease in the absolute number of B lymphocytes) could be registered, and in patients having no drug addiction the secondary T-cell immunodeficiency characterized by a decrease in the content of T helpers simultaneously with the increased content of T suppressors and B lymphocytes.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/inmunología , Enfermedad Aguda , Análisis de Varianza , Formación de Anticuerpos , Donantes de Sangre , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Análisis Multivariante , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
By May 18, 1998, 108 HIV-infected persons were registered in the Far-Eastern region. In recent years young people using narcotic drugs were involved in the epidemic process. The sources of the infection were mainly migrants arriving to the Far East from the Ukraine. HIV-infected persons also were registered in settlements lying north of the Arctic Circle.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1 , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/transmisión , Adulto , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Siberia/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicacionesRESUMEN
For the first time the etiological structure of viral hepatitis in the Far East, in Khabarovsk, has been studied. The leading etiological form of viral hepatitis is hepatitis A. The spread of hepatitis B and nondifferentiated hepatitis is less than that of hepatitis A. The ratio of different etiological forms of virus hepatitis is determined by the epidemiological situation. At the period of epidemic hepatitis A morbidity increases while hepatitis B morbidity decreases. The occurrence of nondifferentiated hepatitis at different periods of observation remains unchanged.