RESUMEN
Organ transplantation is a multidisciplinary speciality that has undergone a remarkable development in the last two decades, saving the lives of patients in advanced failure of various organs. Medical management of organ donors is an essential component of achieving success in transplantation. It requires a good knowledge and understanding of the pathological changes caused by brain death, changes that usually require a diagnosis and a rapid treatment. In our study we intend to analyse the problems that we encountered during preparation of the donors. Hypovolemia, insipid diabetes, pulmonary edema, maintaining viability of organs in optimal conditions are important aspects which influences donation success to a large number of recipients. Between January 2007 - July 2009 in the ICU department of Bagdasar Arseni Emergency Hospital, Bucharest we had 47 potential organ donors, of which only 20 actually came to organ donation. A significant percentage of potential donors are lost due to complications and/or because of denial of consent by the family.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Encefálica , Cuidados Críticos , Trasplante de Órganos , Consentimiento por Terceros , Donantes de Tejidos/provisión & distribución , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Consentimiento Informado , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The treatment of giant incisional hernias is often not possible without the use of alloplastic materials (prostheses, meshes). Some of the modern prostheses seem to be quite "biocompatible" from the chemical point of view, but, the manner of using them is associated with certain complications (infection, seroma formation, intestinal obstruction, digestive fistula and failure of the repair). This preliminary experimental study on Guinea pigs had as a purpose the evaluation of the prostheses incorporation in the abdominal wall, the appearance of specific complications and the need of the biomaterial fixation. The macroscopic and microscopic study used 59 Guinea pigs, utilizing polypropylene (Marlex) and polyester (Mersilene and Plastex) prostheses, implanted pre-peritoneal and intraperitoneal, with or without fixation. The lack of incorporation of the prostheses was observed especially with the Plastex mesh (7 cases). Intestinal adhesions have been the rule after intraperitoneal implant of the prostheses; we registered a case of intestinal obstruction and a case of digestive fistula. Concluding, it is recommended the utilization of quality prostheses, especially polypropylene (Marlex) and no longer use of the Romanian polyester mesh (Plastex) which has obvious "biocompatible" problems. The intraperitoneal implant of the prostheses is not indicated. Adequate anchoring af the biomaterials prevents the subsequent migration.
Asunto(s)
Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Polipropilenos , Implantación de Prótesis , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Músculos Abdominales/cirugía , Animales , Cobayas , Modelos Animales , Poliésteres/efectos adversos , Tereftalatos Polietilenos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Adherencias Tisulares/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Cataract represents a degenerative process of lens structures with multifactor causes. STUDY OBJECTIVES: are to present histopathological modificatios at different types of cataract and to demonstrate the USIOL lens effects at rabbit posterior capsule, after extracapsular surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was performed a comparative histological study at different types of cataract. It was implanted PMMA and acrylic USIOL lens at 2 rabbits. Follow-up was for 3 months and after ECCE it was performed histopathological examination of posterior lens capsules. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There are few histological observations which can suggests the cataract cause. USIOL implants are well tolerated and the posterior lens capsule modifications after IOL implantation are not important.
Asunto(s)
Catarata/patología , Cápsula del Cristalino/ultraestructura , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Resinas Acrílicas , Animales , Catarata/clasificación , Extracción de Catarata/métodos , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales , ConejosRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with multifactor causes which is characterized by acute loss of ganglion cells. Many mechanisms are involved in this disease but they are incomplete elucidated. Biomechanical stress generate changes to lamina cribrosa which determine ganglion cells death. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The quantification of changes of LC and peripapillary sclera in experimental models with glaucoma. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A prospective, experimental study (10 weeks) using 8 adult guinea pigs in which glaucoma was induced by equatorial burns (diathermia) at two episcleral veins--right eye, left eye being considered witness. The monitored parameters are: IOP, retro-ocular blood flow, histopathologic examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Constant exposure to biomechanical stress (increase to IOP) involve to local level cellular and molecular mechanisms which made changes in the extracellular matrix. The changes of LC are a mechanism that determine glaucomatous optic nerve disease and became a new option to diagnose and follow in glaucoma.
Asunto(s)
Glaucoma/fisiopatología , Disco Óptico/fisiopatología , Animales , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Glaucoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glaucoma/patología , Cobayas , Presión Intraocular , Modelos Animales , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Disco Óptico/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Estrés Mecánico , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the paper was to assess the place of the natural carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin) in glaucoma optic neuropathy. METHODS: For this purpose, we carried out an experimental and prospective study, during 3 months, on 8 laboratory animals (Guinea pigs), which we increased the IOP, in both eyes, by cautery of two episcleral vessels. The animals were divided into treatment in two groups: the group I (5 Guinea pigs) which we modified their usual diets by adding 2 cps/day of IcapsL (6 mg lutein/zeaxanthin) and the group II (3 Guinea pigs)--control group, without increasing the diet with lutein and zeaxanthin. The statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test. RESULTS: Before the cautery of episcleral vessels, the mean IOP was 16.8 mm Hg in group I and 16.5 mm Hg in the group II; after the cautery of episcleral vessels, the mean IOP was 26.2 mm Hg in group I and 25.9 mm Hg in the group II (p = 0.004). At the end of the study, the levels of serum lutein were 0.64 mumol/L in group I and 0.22 mumol/L in group II. The loss of retinal ganglion cells was 18.9% in group I and 29.7% in martor group, in correlation with the cup/disc ratio: 0.37, respectively 0.51. Also, in the group II, the increase of IOP was associated at the myelin portion of optic nerve head with axonal degeneration in peripheral regions. CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma optic neuropathy has a multifactorial pathogenesis, including the oxidative stress. Lutein and zeaxanthin, with its strong antioxidative effects, can represent a viable solution in the complex treatment of glaucoma.