RESUMEN
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Early detection of DNA defects in spermatozoa is vital because genetic abnormalities are associated with infertility and miscarriage. Eosin is an acidic stain with negatively charged chromatolytic components also found in the cytoplasm of spermatozoa. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of eosin staining in detecting spermatozoa DNA deterioration. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of four-hundred frozen beef straws from Simmental, Limousin and Brahman cattle and Ongole crossbreeds, were obtained from the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center, Malang, Indonesia.Hydrogen peroxide was used to degrade frozen sperm. In addition, the sperm was subjected to three treatments: Agarose trapping, membrane lysis and eosin staining. <b>Results:</b> Damaged bull spermatozoa stained with eosin were bright red in color around the head and mid piece, whereas the head of undamaged spermatozoa were darker red. The average value of damaged DNA was 89.08±3.27% as assessed with eosin staining. <b>Conclusion:</b> Eosin staining effectively detects DNA damage in bull spermatozoa, but extended effectiveness tests are considered necessary.
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Daño del ADN , Semen , Animales , Bovinos , ADN , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS) , Masculino , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The repeat breeding becomes the major reproduction problem in tropic area especially in Indonesia. It relates to blood metabolic and hormonal level. This research was conducted to investigate the level of blood metabolic and estradiol between the repeat breeder Friesian Holstein Cross Breed Cows (FHCB) and the fertile FHCB cows. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty FHCB cows in luteal phase on 2nd to 3rd lactation were used in this research. Group I consist of 10 repeat breeder FHCB cows and group II consist of 10 fertile FHCB cows. Blood samples were collected through jugular vein prior to feeding. The level of total protein, phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol and estradiol in serum were calculated. The data were analyzed by using the independent samples t-test for comparing the blood metabolic and estradiol between the repeat breeder FHCB cows and the fertile FHCB cows. RESULTS: The results showed that repeat breeder FHCB cows were found to have lower level of all of the parameters of blood metabolic and estradiol descriptively, however, only the serum cholesterol and serum phosphorus had the significant difference (p<0.05) between the repeat breeder FHCB cows and the fertile FHCB cows. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that level of serum cholesterol and serum phosphorus played a role in repeat breeding.
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Cruzamiento , Metabolismo Energético , Estradiol/sangre , Ciclo Estral/sangre , Fertilidad , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Bovinos , Colesterol/sangre , Industria Lechera , Femenino , Indonesia , Fósforo/sangre , Clima TropicalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Repeat breeding, in which conception fails after repeated inseminations is a major problem in the dairy industry that leads to economic losses. To examine the role of stress under this condition, this study was conducted to evaluate cortisol and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in fertile and repeat-breeder Holstein-friesian crossbred cows in smallholder farms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cows were divided into two groups: Fertile and repeat-breeder cows, with 15 cows per group. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein at night, 8 h after feeding, once in the oestrus phase during two oestrus cycles and cortisol levels were analyzed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a commercial kit. The BUN was analyzed by the urease and glutamate dehydrogenase method. RESULTS: Significant differences in cortisol and BUN levels were observed between fertile and repeat-breeder cows. Cortisol levels were higher in the repeat-breeder group (6.860±1.427 ng mL-1) compared to those in the fertile group (3.145±1.103 ng mL-1). Furthermore, BUN levels were also higher in repeat-breeder cows (31.45±4.70 mg dL-1) than in fertile cows (27.30±2.69 mg dL-1). CONCLUSION: Cortisol and BUN levels above the normal range may contribute to repeat breeding in Holstein-friesian crossbred cows.
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Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Bovinos/sangre , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Animales , Cruzamiento , Industria Lechera , Dinoprost/metabolismo , Estro/sangre , Femenino , Fertilidad , Hormonas/sangre , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lactancia , ReproducciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In goats, weak estrus behavior is potentially caused by a decline in reproductive efficiency. In the present study, aim was to measure the vaginal pH to determine the accuracy of lust detection in Saanen Etawah crossbreed goats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen Saanen Etawah crossbred does (Capra hircus) with body condition score of 2-3 were used. The dose were fed concentrate, provided forage and water ad libitum. The experiment was conducted during the natural estrous cycle. Vaginal smears were collected from each dose every day over a 60 days period to determine the time of each phase of the estrous cycle. The vaginal pH was measured using pH indicator paper; simultaneously, the blood was sampled from the caudal vein into anticoagulant-coated tubes following estrous cycle, covering estrus (E/day-0), metestrus (M/day-3), diestrus (D/day-12) and proestrus (P/day-15). The concentration of plasma estrogen and cortisol was determined by solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay and the correlation between vaginal pH with each phase of estrous cycle and estrogen level was found. RESULTS: The changes in vaginal pH were confirmed with estrogen and cortisol profile at each estrous phase. The highest vaginal pH and estrogen content were found during estrus, whereas, the lowest vaginal pH and estrogen content was found during diestrus. Furthermore, the cortisol level was significantly different in each phase of the estrous cycle; the highest level of cortisol was observed during proestrus. CONCLUSION: The correlation between vaginal pH and estrous phase indicates that the vaginal pH can be a useful parameter for estrus detection.