RESUMEN
Kaempferol (KMP) is one of the most common flavonoids, currently being extensively studied for its numerous beneficial health effects. Here we study the fluorescence (FL) emission of KMP powder and of its solutions prepared using different types of solvents (polar and non-polar). In the spectra of KMP powder and KMP solutions with high concentration, the same FL peak with maximum at 1.9 eV is observed. Another FL peak, at higher energy of 2.45 eV, emerges in solutions, its relative intensity increases with decreasing solution concentration. The FL emission of solutions with lowest concentration displays only that peak. To calculate characteristic energies of absorption and emission of KMP molecule in vacuum and in solutions we use time-dependent density functional theory. Comparing the results of computations with measured FL spectra, we associate the FL band at 1.9 eV with the emission due to excited state intramolecular transfer of the proton of -OH5 hydroxyl group. The FL emission at 2.45 eV is related to the -OH3 proton transfer. We measure the FL spectra of KMP powder using two different excitation energies, 3.06 eV and 2.33 eV, and find that its FL spectrum depends on the excitation energy. To understand that dependence, we compare the FL spectra of KMP and Q monohydrate powders. We consider the excited state intermolecular transfer of the proton from -OH3' hydroxyl group to a neighboring molecule in Q crystal and calculate the energy corresponding to the emission of the resulted anion of Q molecule. The spectral feature at 1.69 eV observed only in the FL spectrum of Q hydrate is attributed to the Q anion FL emission.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN El tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas requiere la participación activa de los pacientes en la toma de decisiones. La educación, el acompañamiento y la motivación son los factores más relevantes para cambiar o reforzar los conocimientos relacionados con la nutrición y la diabetes, con el objeto de mejorar el control metabólico, disminuir las complicaciones de salud y aumentar la calidad de vida. OBJETIVOS Evaluar la eficacia de la implementación del Programa de Educación Alimentaria en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en un hospital de referencia para diabetes. MÉTODOS Se realizó una investigación-acción en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (n=26). El estudio midió la variación del grado de conocimiento y los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada A1C. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante cuestionarios, registros e historias clínicas. RESULTADOS Se observó una variación positiva, estadísticamente significativa, en el grado de conocimiento. Hubo un aumento de la clase "Conocimiento suficiente", mientras que se presentó una marcada disminución en las clases "Poco suficiente" e "Insuficiente" (p<0,005). DISCUSIÓN La intervención educativa actúa como factor protector en el tratamiento de la enfermedad. El aumento del grado de conocimiento permite a los pacientes desarrollar un sentido crítico en la toma de decisiones en relación con el cuidado de su salud. Esto se puede evidenciar por la disminución de los valores de A1C, aunque con una variación no significativa desde el punto de vista estadístico (p>0,005).
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Ciencias de la NutriciónRESUMEN
CONTEXT: There are limited and controversial data concerning puberty characteristics in girls born small for gestational age (SGA). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to document clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical characteristics at the beginning of puberty in matched healthy girls born either SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) recruited from the community. PATIENTS: Inclusion criteria were breast Tanner stage II and a body mass index between the 10th and 95th percentiles. INTERVENTIONS: Recruited subjects underwent a complete physical exam, bone age, and ultrasound measurements of the internal genitalia. Hormonal assessment included fasting early morning dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, SHBG, inhibin-B, FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH Prog), and testosterone. Thereafter, a GnRH agonist test (leuprolide 500 microg, sc) was performed with FSH and LH at time 3 and 24 h for E2, 17OH Prog, and testosterone. RESULTS: Sixty-five girls (35 AGA, 30 SGA) with a mean age of 9.9 +/- 1.03 (7.8-12.5) yr, similar bone age/chronological age (1.02 +/- 0.8 in AGA and 1 +/- 0.76 in SGA), median height of 1.35 +/- 0.06 cm, and similar waist to hip ratio were included. No differences in the presence of pubic hair, axillary hair, apocrine odor, or ultrasound measurements were found. SGA girls had increased baseline E2 as well as stimulated E2 and 17OH Prog. CONCLUSIONS: In a preliminary sample of lean, healthy girls recruited from the community born either SGA or AGA, we observed slight hormonal differences at the beginning of puberty. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will allow us to understand whether these differences are maintained and have a clinical impact in their pubertal development.
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pubertad/fisiología , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangre , Androstenodiona/sangre , Antropometría , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/sangre , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional/sangre , Inhibinas/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Ovario/anatomía & histología , Ovario/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Pubertad/sangre , Globulina de Unión a Hormona Sexual/análisis , Testosterona/sangre , Ultrasonografía , Útero/anatomía & histología , Útero/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The occurrence of Paramphistomum cervi has been reported in Mexico, but its intermediate hosts have not been identified. Five species of snails of the genus Lymnaea, L. bulimoides, L. columella, L. cubensis, L. humilis and L. palustris, were collected in Mexico. Only three of the exposed species, L. palustris, L. cubensis and L. humilis, became infected with P. cervi. The first of these snail species was highly susceptible to infection and a higher number of the exposed snails shed cercariae. It is suggested that L, palustris may act as an important vector of P. cervi in Mexico.