RESUMEN
Bipolar disorder I (BDI) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode. Within the scope of neurological disorders, epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) share clinical features and can be differentiated using electroencephalogram (EEG). Substance use disorder is a condition defined by impaired control, risky use, social impairment, and addictive behaviors. We present the case of a 20-year-old pregnant woman with BDI associated with a history of epilepsy, PNES, and polyvalent substance use. The patient presented to the emergency department via the Baker Act involuntary hold multiple times throughout her pregnancy. Recognizing that the welfare of the mother and child was at risk, the court ordered a two-month commitment of inpatient psychiatric treatment at 30 weeks' gestation to ensure safe delivery. Comprehensive inpatient treatment, including risperidone, levetiracetam, lacosamide, haloperidol, diphenhydramine, lorazepam, and later clozapine, and a discharge plan for both the mother and the child are described in detail. Our goal is to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the management of complex pregnant patients with psychiatric conditions in order to optimize outcomes for maternal and fetal health.
RESUMEN
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and serotonin syndrome (SS) represent serious life-threatening conditions that share phenotypic and pathophysiologic features due to intricate interactions between the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Malignant catatonia's underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, but it is clinically difficult to distinguish it from NMS. Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by CAG expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Even though involuntary movements and lack of coordination are pivotal in HD, psychiatric manifestations are an integral part of it and may precede the emergence of chorea by years. The overlap in symptoms is noticeable for SS and NMS and distinguishing between the two may be challenging if exposure to both dopamine antagonists and serotoninergic agents exists. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with an unusual presentation of serotonin syndrome and subsequent catatonia possibly overlapping with a neurodegenerative disorder, HD. This case report offers an interesting interconnection between three different syndromes that have tight pathophysiological and phenotypical associations.