RESUMEN
Mammary tumours are the most common tumour type in female dogs. The formation of the mammary tumours is multifactorial but the high incidence of tumour disease in certain canine breeds suggests a strong genetic component. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most important genes significantly associated with mammary tumours. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the variations of these two genes and canine mammary tumours. 5'-untranslated region, intron 8 and exon 9 of BRCA1 and exons 12, 24, 27 of BRCA2 were sequenced in order to detect the genetic variations. In addition to six previously identified polymorphisms, six novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Five of the coding SNPs were synonymous and three of them were non-synonymous. The comparison of the sequences from 25 mammary tumour bearing and 10 tumour free dogs suggested that the two SNPs in intron 8 and exon 9 of BRCA1 and two SNPs in exon 24 and exon 27 of BRCA2, which are firstly identified in this study, might be associated with mammary tumour development in dogs. Especially one SNP in exon 9 of BRCA1 and one SNP in exon 24 of BRCA2 were found to be significantly associated with canine mammary tumours.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Variación Genética , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/genética , Animales , Perros , Exones/genética , Femenino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genéticaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of deslorelin, a GnRH agonist, implants in suppressing estrus behavior and matings in a controlled ambient environment in feline queens in the presence of a tomcat. Local and utero-ovarian side effects of deslorelin implants were also investigated. The queens were housed in groups and assigned to one of three treatments: group 1 received 9.5 mg deslorelin implants (N = 14), group 2 received 5 mg megestrol acetate tablets and 9.5 mg deslorelin implants (N = 7), and group 3 were given placebo implants (N = 7). All implants were placed subcutaneously cranial to the interscapular region under xylazine hydrochloride sedation. Ovarian activity was monitored by fecal estradiol (E(2)) analyses. The animals were observed daily and checked individually at three-day intervals for behavioral signs of estrus. After 18.5 mo of trial, queens were ovariohysterectomized, and ovaries and uteri were weighed and evaluated histologically. E(2) levels were significantly lower in group 1 and 2 than in group 3 with an average of 128.48 ± 19.97 ng/g, 90.44 ± 7.16 ng/g and 283.26 ± 39.21 ng/g, respectively, excepting the first week of treatment. After inserting implants an initial estrus-like increase in fecal E(2) concentrations occurred in all treated queens except one female in group 2. Ovarian and uterine weights were significantly different among the groups (P < 0.01), and were lowest in groups 1 and 2. Primordial and primary follicle numbers were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P < 0.001). Endometrial gland, antral follicle, and corpus luteum (CL) numbers were highest in group 3 (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively) compared with groups 1 and 2. Deslorelin implants successfully suppressed estrus behavior and E(2) secretion in queens for 18.5 mo of the study period. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the effects of GnRH agonists on ovarian interstitial tissue.
Asunto(s)
Gatos , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/administración & dosificación , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/farmacología , Pamoato de Triptorelina/análogos & derivados , Implantes Absorbibles/veterinaria , Animales , Estradiol/química , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estro/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/química , Femenino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Pamoato de Triptorelina/administración & dosificación , Pamoato de Triptorelina/farmacología , Útero/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A young pregnant rottweiler bitch was presented with a large mass of tissue protruding through the vulvar lips. Foetal death was diagnosed on ultrasonography, and ovariohysterectomy was performed, at which time the bladder was observed to be dislocated caudally into the pelvic cavity under the vagina. The bladder was manually repositioned during surgery. One week later, the bitch was healthy with no evidence of dysuria, stranguria or urinary incontinence. Two months later, the owner reported that the bitch was clinically normal with no recurrence of the retroflexion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of retroflexion of the urinary bladder during pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Hernia/veterinaria , Complicaciones del Embarazo/veterinaria , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/diagnóstico por imagen , Muerte Fetal/veterinaria , Hernia/diagnóstico , Herniorrafia , Histerectomía/veterinaria , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Perineo/cirugía , Cuidados Posoperatorios/veterinaria , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugíaRESUMEN
This pilot study investigated early effects of prepubertal ovariohysterectomy on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of lumbar vertebraes (L2-L5 and L Total) and on serum biochemistry. Both prepubertal ovariohysterectomy (Group Po: n=3) and sham surgery (Group Lp: n=3) were performed at 10 weeks of age. Blood samplings, BMD and BMC measurements of L2, L3, L4, L5 and L Total were performed at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. No significant difference (P>0.05) in BMD and BMC was observed between the groups during the experimental period. The difference in serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations was found to be statistically unsignificant (P>0.05). These results fail to demonstrate a difference in BMD and BMC of lumbar vertebraes (L2-L5) as well as serum calcium and phosphorus levels after prepubertal ovariohysterectomy until six months of age in mixed breed puppies, but they should be considered only descriptive because of the very low sample number and of the low power of the statistical analyses.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Perros/fisiología , Histerectomía/veterinaria , Vértebras Lumbares/fisiología , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Maduración Sexual , Animales , FemeninoRESUMEN
In this study, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on the calcaneus (CAL) and accessory carpal bone (ACB) of early-age neutered (n = 11) and sham-operated puppies (n = 10) to investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) over time. Prepubertal ovariohysterectomy and sham surgery were performed at 10 weeks, while BMD and BMC were measured at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. BMD and BMC of CAL and ACB of ovariohysterectomised puppies were found to be higher. The differences between the groups were statistically unimportant; however, the fourth measurement of the ACB showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference. Sexually intact puppies weighed less than gonadectomised puppies in all measurements. Because of the positive correlations between body weight and bone mineral density, BMD and BMC of early-age neutered puppies were found to be higher. These results suggest that BMD and BMC are not affected by prepubertal ovariohysterectomy until six months of age in mixed-breed puppies.