RESUMEN
We report the simultaneous adsorption of acid blue 25 dye (AB25) and heavy metals (Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Cd(2+)) on a low-cost activated carbon, whose adsorption properties have been improved via a surface chemistry modification using a calcium solution extracted from egg shell wastes. Specifically, we have studied the removal performance of this adsorbent using the binary aqueous systems: AB25-Cd(2+), AB25-Ni(2+) and AB25-Zn(2+). Multi-component kinetic and equilibrium experiments have been performed and used to identify and characterize the synergic adsorption in the simultaneous removal of these pollutants. Our results show that the presence of AB25 significantly favors the removal of heavy metals and may increase the adsorption capacities up to six times with respect to the results obtained using the mono-cationic metallic systems, while the adsorption capacities of AB25 are not affected by the presence of metallic ions. It appears that this anionic dye favors the electrostatic interactions with heavy metals or may create new specific sites for adsorption process. In particular, heavy metals may interact with the -SO(3)(-) group of AB25 and to the hydroxyl and phosphoric groups of this adsorbent. A response surface methodology model has been successfully used for fitting multi-component adsorption data.