RESUMEN
Pharmaceuticals for human use are consumed in significant quantities and their occurrence in aquatic systems has been reported by a number of authors. In the context of environmental risk assessment, there is an increasing interest in evaluating the discharge of pharmaceutical products to surface waters through sewage treatment plants (STP). This case study was carried out on a conventional biological treatment plant (Alès, France) and focused on a set of eleven drugs representing the main therapeutic classes. Measured environmental concentrations (MECs) range from the low ng L(-1) to 1.5 microg L(-1) in effluent and up to few hundred ng L(-1) in receiving surface waters. There is a good agreement between MEC and predicted environmental concentration (PEC) values for seven of the eleven investigated drugs in STP effluent. There is not such a good match between PEC and MEC values in surface waters, and this highlights the limits of this approach, at the local scale.
Asunto(s)
Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Ecosistema , Predicción , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/métodos , Medición de Riesgo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Contaminación Química del Agua/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Within the framework of the monitoring of the trichloroacetylchloride (TCAC) photosynthesis, ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometry is proposed as a simple and rapid tool allowing, in real time, the control of the process efficiency. A good correlation has been obtained between the results acquired by this alternative method and the standard gas chromatography.
Asunto(s)
Cloroacetatos , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Ácido Tricloroacético/síntesis química , Fotoquímica , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
Sulfur compounds are often present in petrochemical wastewater and can be detected by UV spectrophotometry. This technique allows to point out specific absorptions of mineral sulfide and mercaptans and can be used for the determination of acidity constants. From a quantitative point of view, using a spectral deconvolution method, a specific determination of some mercaptans is obtained. Detection limits for ethanethiol and thiophenol are 0.7 and 2.5 mg l(-1), respectively.
RESUMEN
A simple and rapid procedure for sulphide measurement in crude oil refinery wastewater has been developed. This method is based on the knowledge of the UV response of sulphur compounds and the mathematical deconvolution of the sample spectrum using reference spectra (specific compounds or aggregate spectra). The detection limit of the method is 0.5 mg l(-1) for a quartz cell pathlength of 10 mm. The range is up to 15 mg l(-1). The method has been validated for crude oil refinery wastewater. Compared to conventional methods, the UV determination is quicker and easier to run.
RESUMEN
Total organic carbon (TOC) is one of the most important parameter for the knowledge of water and wastewater quality, because it concerns theoretically all organic compounds. Unfortunately, some restrictions with respect to TOC measurement must be considered, explaining that alternative procedures have been envisaged, among which UV spectrophotometry. Starting from a comparison of results between high temperature digestion and UV photo-oxidation techniques for some specific compounds and real wastewater samples, the work shows the complementary interest of using UV spectrophotometry either directly (with multiwavelength procedures) or after UV photo-oxidation.