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This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/inmunología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/prevención & control , Ácidos Grasos trans/administración & dosificación , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/sangre , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/inmunología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Rumiantes , Aceite de Soja/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Objective: this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 220 school adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was performed in the city of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. The variables studied were: 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH), dietary intake of vitamin D, anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist / height ratio (RCA) and biochemistry, total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), triglyceride (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha acid glycoprotein (AGPA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (CAT), blood pressure, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium. Enough and insufficient /deficient adolescents were compared by qui-square test and analysis of multiple lineal regression was accomplished to identify the factors cardiometabólicos associated to the seric concentration of 25 (OH) D (p < 0,05). Results: a total of 57.3% had vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, which was more prevalent in females (79.35%). The chi-square test revealed an evident relationship between the three indicators involved in overweight assessed in this study BMI (p = 0.01), WC (p = 0.04) and AGR (p = 0.02). There was an association between the independent variable (vitamin D) and calcium and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: a high proportion of adolescents presenting insufficiency/vitamin D deficiency was ssociated with cardiometabolic risk factors.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre la 25-hidroxivitamina D sérica (25 [OH] D) y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes brasileños. Metodologia: se realizó un estudio transversal con 220 adolescentes escolares de 15 a 19 años en la ciudad de João Pessoa-PB, Brasil. Las variables estudiadas fueron: 25 hidroxivitamina D (25 OH), ingesta dietética de vitamina D, datos antropométricos (índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y relación cintura / altura (RCA) y bioquímica, colesterol total (TC) , Lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), triglicéridos (TG), proteína C reactiva (PCR), glicoproteína alfaácida (AGPA), malondialdehído (MDA) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT), presión arterial, Hormona paratiroidea (PTH) y calcio sérico. Se compararon adolescentes suficientes e insuficientes/deficientes mediante la prueba de qui cuadrado y se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar los factores cardiometabólicos asociados a la concentración sérica de 25 (OH) D (p < 0,05). Resultados: un 57,3% tenía insuficiencia/deficiencia de vitamina D, que era más prevalente en las mujeres (79,35%). La prueba de ji cuadrado reveló una relación evidente entre los tres indicadores involucrados en el sobrepeso evaluados en este estudio IMC (p = 0,01), WC (p = 0,04) y AGR (p = 0,02). Hubo una asociación entre la variable independiente (vitamina D) y los niveles de calcio y triglicéridos. Conclusión: una alta proporción de adolescentes con insuficiencia de deficiencia de vitamina D de 25 (OH) D se asociaron con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Conclusión: una alta proporción de adolescentes con insuficiencia/deficiencia de vitamina D se asoció con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Adolescente , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Calcio/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Femenino , Cardiopatías/complicaciones , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of a maternal dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet on lipid metabolism, microbial counts in faeces and hepatic and intestinal morphology in rat offspring with respect to sex during different phases of life. Wistar rats (dams) were fed a control (CTL) or DLP during gestation and lactation. After weaning, CTL and DLP offspring were fed a standard diet. The effects of a maternal DLP on body composition, biochemical parameters, faecal microbiota and intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric characteristics in rat offspring were evaluated at 30 and 90 d of age. The DLP diet during gestation and lactation caused lower birth weight and a greater weight gain percentage at the end of the 90-d period in both male and female offspring. Female pups from DLP dams had higher liver fat levels compared with CTL (P≤0·001) at 90 d of age. Males from DLP dams had greater visceral fat weight and lower Lactobacillus spp. faecal counts at 90 d of age (P≤0·001) as well as lower faecal fat excretion (P≤0·05) and Bacteroides spp. faecal counts (P≤0·001) at 30 d of age when compared with pups from CTL dams. However, both dams and DLP pups showed damage to intestinal villi. A maternal DLP alters intestinal function and lipid metabolism in a sex-specific manner and is a potential predisposing factor for health complications in offspring from the juvenile period to the adult period.
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Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Factores Sexuales , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dislipidemias/etiología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Intestinos/fisiopatología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/microbiología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
This study assessed the effects of diet supplementation with industrial processing by-products of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit on the intestinal health and lipid metabolism of female Wistar rats with diet-induced dyslipidaemia. Female rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, dyslipidaemic control and dyslipidaemic experimental receiving acerola, cashew or guava processing by-products. Fruit processing by-products were administered (400 mg/kg body weight) via orogastric administration for 28 consecutive days. Acerola, cashew and guava by-products caused body weight reduction (3·42, 3·08 and 5·20 %, respectively) in dyslipidaemic female rats. Dyslipidaemic female rats receiving fruit by-products, especially from acerola, presented decreased faecal pH, visceral fat, liver fat and serum lipid levels, as well as increased faecal moisture, faecal fat excretion, faecal Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. counts and amounts of organic acids in faeces. Administration of the tested fruit processing by-products protected colon and liver from tissue damage (e.g. destruction of liver and colon cells and increased fat deposition in hepatocytes) induced by dyslipidaemic diet. Dietary fibres and phenolic compounds in tested fruit by-products may be associated with these positive effects. The industrial fruit processing by-products studied, mainly from acerola, exert functional properties that could enable their use to protect the harmful effects on intestinal health and lipid metabolism caused by dyslipidaemic diet.
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Anacardium/química , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dislipidemias/terapia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Magnoliopsida/química , Psidium/química , Animales , Peso Corporal , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Femenino , Frutas/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lípidos/química , Hígado/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Recent studies have indicated that certain food products have ergogenic potential similar to that of sports supplements. The present study aimed to investigate the potential ergogenic effect of integral purple grape juice on the performance of recreational runners. Twenty-eight volunteers of both sexes (age, 39.8 ± 8.5 years; peak oxygen consumption, 43.2 ± 8.5 mL/(kg·min)) were randomized into either a group that received grape juice (grape juice group (GJG), n = 15; 10 mL/(kg·min) for 28 days) or a group that received an isocaloric, isoglycemic, and isovolumetric control beverage (control group (CG), n = 13). A time-to-exhaustion exercise test, anaerobic threshold test, and aerobic capacity test were performed, together with assessments of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, immune response, and muscle injury, performed at baseline and 48 h after the supplementation protocol. The GJG showed a significant increase (15.3%) in running time-to-exhaustion (p = 0.002) without significant improvements in either anaerobic threshold (3.6%; p = 0.511) or aerobic capacity (2.2%; p = 0.605). In addition, GJG exhibited significant increases in total antioxidant capacity (38.7%; p = 0.009), vitamin A (11.8%; p = 0.016), and uric acid (28.2%; p = 0.005), whereas α-1-acid glycoprotein significantly decreased (20.2%; p = 0.006) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels remained unchanged. In contrast, no significant changes occurred in any of these variables in the CG. In conclusion, supplementation with purple grape juice shows an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by promoting increased time-to-exhaustion, accompanied by increased antioxidant activity and a possible reduction in inflammatory markers.
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Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Alimentos Funcionales , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/administración & dosificación , Resistencia Física , Carrera , Vitis , Adulto , Umbral Anaerobio , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fatiga Muscular , Estado Nutricional , Estrés Oxidativo , Consumo de Oxígeno , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
RESUMOUma sessão de circuito é constituída por exercícios resistidos e aeróbios, intercalados. Entretanto, não há consenso quanto a sua capacidade hipotensora. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a resposta da pressão arterial após uma sessão de circuito de praia com sessões de exercícios aeróbico e resistido. Foram sujeitos do estudo 15 adultos jovens do sexo masculino realizaram três sessões de exercício e uma sessão controle. Como resultados foi verificado hipotensão sistólica significativa em relação ao repouso, aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos para as sessões aeróbia e de circuito na praia e aos 20, 30 e 40 minutos para sessão de resistido, com as maiores reduções em torno de 14 ± 5, 10 ± 3 e de 8 ± 3 mmHg, respectivamente. Sem diferenças significativas entre as sessões. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na hipotensão diastólica Concluiu-se que a sessão circuito de praia apresenta semelhante hipotensão pós exercício (HPE) quando comparado às sessões de exercícios aeróbico e de resistido.
ABSTRACTA session of circuit training consists of resistive and aerobic exercises, interleaved. However, there is no consensus about the hypotensive capacity. The main purpose were to compare the blood pressure response after a beach circuit session among aerobic and resistance exercise sessions. As methodology fifteen young adult males performed three exercise sessions and a control session. The results showed that it was verified significantly systolic hypotension in relation to rest at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes for aerobic session and beach circuit session, and resistance session reduced at 20, 30 and 40 minutes with the highest reductions around 14 ± 5, 10 ± 3 and 8 ± 3 mmHg, respectively. With no difference between the sessions. There weren't significant reductions in diastolic hypotension. In conclusion the beach circuit session shows similar hypotension post exercise (HPE) when compared to aerobic and resistance session.
RESUMEN
RESUMOMucuna pruriens (MP) tem sido comercializada como suplemento para emagrecimento mesmo sem comprovação científica. Este estudo objetiva avaliar o efeito da MP associada ao treinamento resistido sobre parâmetros murinométricos e consumo alimentar em ratos. Os animais foram randomizados nos grupos: controle sedentário e treinado, MP sedentário e treinado. Os treinados executaram protocolo de saltos e os suplementados receberam 250 mg de MP/kg/dia via gavagem. O consumo alimentar e peso corporal foram avaliados semanalmente e medidas murinométricas ao final do protocolo. Não houve alterações no consumo alimentar (147 a 180 g), peso (341 a 368 g), comprimento (entre 24,6 e 25,5 cm), circunferências torácica (de 14,1 a 16,2 cm) e abdominal (variação de 14,5 a 15,8 cm), índice de massa corporal (entre 0,53 e 0,56 g/cm2) e índice de Lee (entre 4,5 e 4,8 cm3). Suplementação de MP associada ao exercício não altera consumo alimentar, peso e medidas murinométricas em ratos.
ABSTRACTMucuna pruriens(mp) has been marketed as a supplement for weight loss even without scientific proof. this study aims to evaluate the effect of mp supplementation associated with resistance training on murinometric parameters and food consumption in rats. animals were randomized into sedentary and control groups, supplemented with mp or not. trained animals performed the jump protocol and received the mp supplementation (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage. food consumption and body weight were assessed weekly and murinometric parameters, at the end of the protocol. there were no changes in food intake (147 - 180 g), weight (341 - 368 g), length (24.6 - 25.5 cm), chest (14.1 - 16.2 cm) and abdominal circumferences (14.5 - 15.8 cm), body mass index (0.53 - 0.56 g/cm2) and lee index (4.5 - 4.8 g/cm3). mp supplementation during exercise does not alter food intake, weight and murinometric measurements in rats.
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Aim: To evaluate the effect of a ten-week strength training on the blood glucose of rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into two groups: sedentary and trained. Trained animals underwent strength training for ten weeks. The animals performed four sets of eight jumps with intervals of 30 seconds during ten weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week. An overload weight was imposed to the animals, using appropriate vests, which increased every two weeks. Body weight and food consumption were evaluated weekly. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and theirblood glucose and weights of visceral fat and carcass were measured. Results: No changes were observed in body weight (359.29±38.56 g vs. 355±15.58 g), food intake (162.1±16.6 g vs 156.57±5.4 g) and weight of carcass (222.5±22.7 g vs 230.7±9.3 g), however, reduction of visceral fat (17.4±3.3 g vs 12.9±1.7 g) and blood glucose (180.0±21.9 mg/dL vs. 151.7±19.6 mg/dL) was observed in the trained animals. Conclusion: The protocol used in this study reduced visceral fat and blood glucose in animals subjected to strength training.
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um treinamento de força de dez semanas sobre o perfil glicídico de ratos. Métodos: 18 ratos foram randomizados em dois grupos: sedentários e treinados. Os animais treinados foram submetidos a treinamento de força durante dez semanas. Os animais realizavam quatro séries de oito saltos com intervalos de 30 segundos, durante dez semanas, com frequência de três vezes por semana. Foi imposta uma sobrecarga de peso aos animais, utilizando-se coletes apropriados, aumentada quinzenalmente. Foram avaliados peso corporal e consumo alimentar semanalmente. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados e verificou-se glicemia, peso de gordura visceral e de carcaça. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações no peso corporal (359,29 ± 38,56 g vs. 355 ± 15,58 g), consumo alimentar (162,1 ± 16,6 g vs. 156,57 ± 5,4 g) e peso da carcaça (222,5 ± 22,7 g vs. 230,7 ± 9,3 g), entretanto, encontrou-se redução da gordura visceral (17,4 ± 3,3 g vs. 12,9 ± 1,7 g) e da glicemia (180,0 ± 21,9 mg/dL vs. 151,7±19,6 mg/dL) nos animais treinados. Conclusão: O protocolo aplicado neste estudo reduziu gordura visceral e glicemia nos animais submetidos ao treinamento de força.
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Ratas , Glucemia/análisis , Ratas Wistar , Tutoría/clasificación , Grasas/metabolismo , Educación y Entrenamiento FísicoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chia supplementation (Salvia hispanica L.) on blood pressure (BP) and its associated cardiometabolic factors in treated and untreated hypertensive individuals. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: the hypertensive-drug treated (CHIA-MD, n = 10), hypertensive untreated (CHIA-NM, n = 9) and placebo (PLA-MD, n = 7) groups. The subjects consumed 35 g/day of either chia flour or a placebo for 12 weeks. The clinical and ambulatory BP, inflammation, oxidative stress and markers for nitric oxide were measured. While the PLA-MD group showed no changes in BP, there was a reduction in the mean clinical blood pressure (MBP) in the CHIA (111.5 ± 1.9 to 102.7 ± 1.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and CHIA-MD (111.3 ± 2.2 to 100.1 ± 1.8 mmHg, p < 0.001) groups. The CHIA-NM group showed no reduction in the MBP but did show a decreased systolic BP (146.8 ± 3.8 to 137.3 ± 3.1 mmHg, p < 0.05). The clinical BP reduction was demonstrated by a 24 h ambulatory systolic reduction in all of the supplemented groups. However, the mean ambulatory BP was reduced only in the CHIA (98.1 ± 2.4 to 92.8 ± 2.2 mmHg, p < 0.05) group, and there was no change in the diastolic component in either of the CHIA groups. The lipid peroxidation was reduced in the CHIA (p = 0.04) and CHIA-NM (p = 0.02) groups compared with the PLA-MD group. A reduction in the plasma nitrite levels was observed only in the CHIA group (p = 0.02). Chia flour has the ability to reduce ambulatory and clinical BP in both treated and untreated hypertensive individuals.