RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe correlations between glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index with regards to the presence/absence of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-y rs1801282 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as indicators of body mass index in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2016 in Toluca, Mexico. A total of 71 students between 14-18 years old were included. Various anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected, including lipid profile, glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and HOMA index. The degree of association between variables was evaluated with regards to the presence/absence of the SNPs. RESULTS: Leptin levels were significantly higher among female students (P = 0.001), although adiponectin levels did not differ significantly (P = 0.060). There were significant positive correlations between insulin levels and HOMA index with FTO (r = 0.391; P = 0.007 and r = 0.413; P = 0.005, respectively) and PPARγ (r = 0.529; P = 0.007 and r = 0.537; P = 0.007, respectively) SNPs. Leptin showed a significant positive correlation in the presence of PPARγ (r = 0.483; P = 0.007) or in the absence of both SNPs (r = 0.627; P = 0.039). However, adiponectin was significantly negatively correlated in the presence of FTO, either alone (r = -0.333; P = 0.024) or in combination with PPARγ (r = -0.616; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: The presence of FTO and/or PPARγ SNPs might be related to a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Homeostasis , Insulina/análisis , Polimorfismo Genético/efectos de los fármacos , Adiponectina/análisis , Adiponectina/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Leptina/análisis , Leptina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , México , Polimorfismo Genético/fisiología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing health issue. Physical activity (PA) in early stages is a preventive measure in the development of degenerative diseases. It has been documented the association between exercise and leptin and adiponectin concentrations. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a physical activity program (PAP) on serum leptin and adiponectin in teenagers with risk factors for developing T2DM. METHODS: Experimental-longitudinal study. Teenagers (men and women), with T2DM risk factors, aged 14 to 16 years, participated in a PAP for three months, five days a week, 45 minutes each day. Before and after the program, all anthropometric variables, incluiding leptin and adiponectin, were evaluated. RESULTS: 22 adolescents participated in the PAP and they were compared with 22 adolescents from the control group (who did not participate in the PAP). There was a reduction in the serum concentration of leptin in the intervention group (baseline 23 ± 13; after the PAP 14 ± 8, p > 0.0001), compared with the control group (baseline 18 ± 13, three months follow-up 20 ± 14, p < 0.520). Also, the adiponectin concentration increased (baseline 10 ± 3, after the PAP 13 ± 4.0, p > 0.014), compared with the control group (baseline 11 ± 3, 13 ± 4.0 after the PAP p > 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: This study support the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention on metabolic markers of adolescents with risk factors for developing diabetes.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es un problema de salud cada vez más preocupante. El ejercicio en etapas tempranas es una medida preventiva en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Se ha postulado la asociación entre el ejercicio con las concentraciones de leptina y adiponectina. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de actividad física (AF) sobre la concentración sérica de leptina y adiponectina en adolescentes con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DM2. Métodos: estudio de tipo experimental-longitudinal. Participaron en un programa de AF durante tres meses adolescentes de 14 a 16 años, con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes, cinco días a la semana, durante 45 minutos. Antes y después del programa, se evaluó la respuesta de leptina y adiponectina. RESULTADOS: participaron 22 adolescentes en el programa y se compararon con 22 adolescentes del grupo control. Las cifras de leptina disminuyeron en el grupo de intervención: basal 23 ± 13, después del programa 14 ± 8, p < 0.001; grupo control: basal 18 ± 13, seguimiento a tres meses 20 ± 14, p < 0.520. Asimismo, incrementaron las cifras de adiponectina: basal 10 ± 3, después del programa 13 ± 4.0, p < 0.014; grupo control: basal 11 ± 3, post ejercicio 13 ± 4.0, p < 0.032. CONCLUSIONES: nuestros resultados apoyan la eficacia de una intervención con ejercicio aeróbico sobre las características en un grupo minoritario de adolescentes con factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes.