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Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el marco legislativo y normativo en salud mental y suicidio en México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de los principales ordenamientos jurídicos en materia de salud mental y suicidio, vigentes hasta septiembre de 2020, de las 32 entidades de México y del nivel federal. Resultados: Se analizaron 51 documentos. Sólo 14 entidades cuentan con una Ley de Salud Mental y dos estados tienen una Ley de Suicidio. A nivel federal, se definen los lineamientos de atención de la conducta suicida en las normas técnicas de la Secretaría de Salud. Sin embargo, en las leyes de salud, nacional o estatales, han existido omisiones al respecto. La prevención no se define a profundidad en la mayoría de los documentos analizados. Conclusiones: Es prioritario impulsar leyes integrales de salud mental y conducta suicida armonizadas en el ámbito nacional.

Abstract: Objective: Analyze the legislative and normative framework on mental health and suicide in Mexico. Materials and methods: A secondary analysis of the main legal systems on mental health and suicide, in force until September 2020, of the 32 entities in Mexico and at the federal level was carried out. Results: 51 documents were analyzed. Only 14 states have a mental health law and two states have a law on suicide. At the federal level, the guidelines for the care of suicidal behavior are defined in the technical standards issued by the health ministry. However, in both state and national health laws, there has been omissions in this regard. Prevention is not defined in depth in most of the documents analyzed. Conclusions: It is a priority to promote comprehensive laws on mental health and suicidal behavior harmonized at the national level.

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OBJECTIVE: Analyze the legislative and normative framework on mental health and suicide in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A secondary analysis of the main legal systems on mental health and suicide, in force until September 2020, of the 32 entities in Mexico and at the federal level was carried out. RESULTS: 51 documents were analyzed. Only 14 states have a mental health law and two states have a law on suicide. At the federal level, the guidelines for the care of suicidal behavior are defined in the technical standards issued by the Health Ministry. However, in both state and national health laws, there have been omissions in this regard. Prevention is not defined in depth in most of the documents analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: It is a priority to promote comprehensive laws on mental health and suicidal behavior harmonized at the national level.

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INTRODUCTION: Disrespect and abuse during childbirth have been reported by numerous countries around the world. One of their principal manifestations is the performance of invasive or surgical procedures without the informed consent of women. Non-dignified treatment is the second most common form of this conduct. Five Mexican states have classified obstetric violence as a crime: Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, the State of Mexico and Veracruz. The others have not yet done so although it is provided for in their civil and administrative regulations. OBJECTIVE: To analyse whether criminalising obstetric violence has been conducive to the recognition and observance of the reproductive rights of women, based on the records of poor health care complaints filed by women with the Medical Arbitration Commissions (CAMs by their Spanish initials) in two Mexican states. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Analysis included two states with similar partner demographic and maternal health indicators but different legal classifications of obstetric violence: the Chiapas has criminalized this form of violence while Oaxaca has not. We reviewed the records of obstetric care complaints filed with CAMs in both states from 2011 to 2015, all of them concluded and including full information. RESULTS: Differences were observed regarding the contents of complaints, specifically in the categories of abuse, discrimination and neglect during childbirth. The narratives in the other complaint categories were similar between states. CONCLUSION: After analysing the records of malpractice complaints in Chiapas and Oaxaca, we conclude that the differentiated legal status of obstetric violence has not influenced recognition or observance of the reproductive rights of women. Criminalising obstetric violence has not improved care provided by health personnel.

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Resumen Objetivo: determinar la relación de los elementos de la dinámica familiar como comunicación y cohesión con las conductas de riesgo del adolescente y la de sus padres. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo correlacional en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 50 adolescentes con sus respectivos padres, pertenecientes a una telesecundaria de la ciudad de Cosoleacaque, Veracruz durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2014. Previo consentimiento informado se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y el test de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud "Cómo es Tu familia" y "Cómo es Su Familia", que midió la comunicación padre-hijo y las conductas de riesgo, y la Faces III de Olson que valoró la cohesión padre-hijo. El análisis de la prueba Chi-Cuadrada y coeficiente de Spearman se realizó en el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales. Resultados: la media de edad de los adolescentes fue de 13.3 ± 1.23 años. La cohesión y comunicación de los padres no se asocia con la conducta de riesgo del adolescente (p=0.218>0.05 y p=.981>0.05, respectivamente). La conducta de riesgo del padre sí se asocia con la conducta de riesgo de los adolescentes (p=0.002 <0.05). Conclusión: la dinámica familiar no se asocia con las conductas de riesgo del adolescente, pero sí se asocia con la conducta de riesgo del padre, lo que es importante para el profesional de enfermería en el campo de la promoción de la salud al brindar estrategias familiares que impacten en la conducta de los padres y en su bienestar integral.

Abstract Objective: to determine the relationship of the elements of family dynamics, such as communication and cohesion, with risk behaviors of adolescents and their parents. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, correlative, cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample for the convenience of 50 adolescents with their respective parents belonging to a tele-secondary school in the city of Cosoleacaque, Veracruz, during the months of October and November 2014. Prior informed consent, a sociodemographic data card and the Pan American Health Organization Parentadolescent communication scale "How is your family?" were applied, that measured parent-child communication and risk behaviors. Also, Olson's Faces III scale was applied which assessed parent-child cohesion. The analysis of the Chi-square test and the Spearman coefficient was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: the mean age of the adolescents was 13.3 ± 1.23 years. Parental cohesion and communication was not associated with adolescent risk behavior (p = 0.218> 0.05 and p = .981> 0.05, respectively). The risk behavior of the parent was associated with the risk behavior of adolescents (p = 0.002 <0.05). Conclusion: family dynamics was not associated with risk behaviors of adolescents, but it was associated with risk behavior of the parent which is important for the nursing professional in the field of health promotion to provide family strategies that impact on the behavior of parents and on their well-being.

Resumo Objetivo: determinar a relação dos elementos da dinâmica familiar como comunicação e coesão com as condutas de risco do adolescente e a de seus pais. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal descritivo correlacional em uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência de 50 adolescentes com seus respectivos pais, pertencentes a ensino médio da cidade de Cosoleacaque, Veracruz durante os meses de outubro e novembro de 2014. Prévio consentimento informado se aplicou uma tabela de dados sócio demográficos e o teste da Organização Pan-americana da Saúde "Como é Tua família" e "Como é Sua Família", que mediu a comunicação pai-filho e as condutas de risco, e a Faces III de Olson que valorou a coesão pai-filho. O análise da prova Chi-Quadrada e coeficiente de Spearman se realizou no Pacote Estatístico para as Ciências Sociais. Resultados: a média de idade dos adolescentes foi de 13.3 ± 1.23 anos. A coesão e comunicação dos pais não se associa com a conduta de risco do adolescente (p=0.218>0.05 e p=.981>0.05, respectivamente). A conduta de risco do pai si se associa com a conduta de risco dos adolescentes (p=0.002 <0.05). Conclusão: a dinâmica familiar não se associa com as condutas de risco do adolescente, mas si se associa com a conduta de risco do pai, o que é importante para o profissional de enfermagem no campo da promoção da saúde ao brindar estratégias familiares que impactem na conduta dos pais e em seu bem estar integral.

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