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In this study, we isolated a novel lectin from the marine sponge Aiolochroia crassa, named AcrL. The lectin showed a preference for glycans containing sialic acid terminal residues, as indicated by the strongest inhibition with fetuin and bovine submaxillary mucin. Primary structure determination by mass spectrometry revealed that AcrL is a galectin with conserved amino acid residues typically involved in carbohydrate binding. Structural modeling indicated that AcrL adopts a typical galectin ß-sandwich motif, featuring two anti-parallel ß-sheets with five strands each. Docking calculations revealed a carbohydrate-binding site composed of a main site, capable of hosting galactopyranosides, and an extended site, facilitating the binding of complex carbohydrates. AcrL inhibited significant biofilm formation against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli with concentrations ranging from 500 to 15.6 µg.mL-1 for S. aureus, 7.8 µg.mL-1 for S. epidermidis, and 500 µg.mL-1 for E. coli. Furthermore, when combined with different antibiotics, AcrL potentiated their effect against pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial mechanism of AcrL was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The analysis indicates that AcrL induces damage to the bacterial membrane. These findings underscore the discovery of a novel galectin in a basal organism and the comprehensive biochemical characterization conducted in this research, highlighting the potential of AcrL as a novel antibacterial agent and emphasizing its importance in combating bacterial infections.

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In this study, we purified a lectin isolated from the seeds of Dioclea bicolor (DBL) via affinity purification. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that DBL had three bands, α, ß, and γ chains, with molecular masses of approximately 29, 14, and 12 kDa, respectively. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the native form of DBL had a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa, indicating that it is a tetramer. Interestingly, DBL-induced hemagglutination was inhibited by several glucosides, mannosides, ampicillin, and tetracycline with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56-50 mM. Analysis of the complete amino acid sequence of DBL revealed the presence of 237 amino acids with high similarity to other Diocleinae lectins. Circular dichroism showed the prominent ß-sheet secondary structure of DBL. Furthermore, DBL structure prediction revealed a Discrete Optimized Protein Energy (DOPE) score of -26,642.69141/Normalized DOPE score of -1.84041. The DBL monomer was found to consist a ß-sandwich based on its 3D structure. Molecular docking showed the interactions between DBL and α-D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, α-D-mannose, α-methyl-D-mannoside, ampicillin, and tetracycline. In addition, DBL showed antimicrobial activity with an MIC of 125 µg/mL and exerted synergistic effects in combination with ampicillin and tetracycline (fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5). Additionally, DBL significantly inhibited biofilm formation and showed no toxicity in murine fibroblasts (p < 0.05). These results suggest that DBL exhibits antimicrobial activity and works synergistically with antibiotics.

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Lectins presents the ability to interact with glycans and trigger varied responses, including the inhibition of the development of various pathogens. Structural studies of these proteins are essential to better understand their functions. In marine sponges, so far only a few lectins have their primary structures completely determined. Thus, the objective of this work was to structurally characterize and evaluate antibacterial potential, in association with different antibiotics, of the lectin isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina lactuta (ALL). ALL is a homotetramer of 60 kDa formed by four 15 kDa-subunits. The lectin showed affinity only for the glycoproteins fetuin, asialofetuin, mucin type III, and bovine submaxillary mucin type I. The complete amino acid sequences of two isoforms of ALL, named ALL-a and ALL-b, were determined by a combination of Edman degradation and overlapped peptides sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. ALL-a and ALL-b have 144 amino acids with molecular masses of 15,736 Da and 15,985 Da, respectively. Both structures contain conserved residues typical of the galectin family. ALL is a protein with antibacterial potential, when in association with ampicillin and oxacillin the lectin potentiates its antibiotic effect, included Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, ALL shows to be a molecule with potential for the development of new antibacterial drugs.

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Hip dysplasia is an alteration with a high incidence in large dogs. The aim of the study was to compare the association of xylazine or dexmedetomidine with fentanyl for radiography with joint distractor for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Fifteen healthy dogs, German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd, were randomly submitted to treatments 0.2 mg/kg xylazine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (XF) or 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (DF), intravenously. HR, f, SAP, MAP, DAP and TR were evaluated at intervals of 5 min before and after the administration of treatments; pH, PaCO2, PaO2, BE, HCO3-, SaO2, Na+, K+ and Hb at 5 and 15 min after treatment administration; and the quality of sedation at intervals of 5 min after administration of treatments. Latency, duration, and recovery times were also compared. The HR values showed a significant reduction in both groups, as well as pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and SaO2. Latency, duration and recovery times, and quality of sedation did not differ statistically between groups. Xylazine and fentanyl or dexmedetomidine and fentanyl combinations provide adequate sedation and analgesia for performing diagnostic radiographic procedures for hip dysplasia. However, oxygen supplementation is recommended to increase protocol safety.

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A lectin from the marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (HiL) was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose™ matrix. HiL showed specificity for galactose and its derivatives. The glycoproteins porcine stomach mucin (PSM) and bovine stomach mucin (BSM) were potent inhibitors. Hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was maximal between pH 5.0 and 9.0. The lectin remained active until 60°C. The presence of CaCl2 and EDTA did not affect the hemagglutinating activity. In SDS-PAGE, HiL showed a single band of 20 kDa under reduced conditions, whereas in the non-reducing conditions, it showed a band of 20 kDa and one additional band of 36 kDa. The average molecular mass determined by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) was 35.874 ± 2 Da in native and non-reducing conditions, whereas carboxyamidomethylated-lectin showed 18,111 Da. These data indicated that HiL consists in a dimer formed by identical subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Partial amino acid sequence of HiL was determined by mass spectrometry, and revealed that it is a new type of lectin, which showed no similarity with any protein. Secondary structure consisted of 6% α-helice, 31% ß-sheet, 18% ß-turn and 45% random coil. HiL showed significant reduction in the number of viable cells of Staphylococcus biofilms.

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El uso de fuentes de información es importante en la formación del estudiante de medicina; sin embargo, en Latinoamérica se ha reportado una disminución en su empleo y se han identificado problemas en su conocimiento. El objetivo del estudio consistió en determinar los factores asociados al uso de las fuentes de información en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad de Tacna, Perú. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en estudiantes de una universidad privada, mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se utilizó un instrumento autoaplicado de forma virtual, que indagó en las características socioeducativas, la frecuencia de uso/capacitación de las fuentes de información y las características de la investigación científica. El resultado del estudio indicó un mayor uso de las fuentes de información, asociado con las variables independientes, mediante los modelos de regresión múltiple. De 274 estudiantes, el 32,1 por ciento utilizó frecuentemente las fuentes de información. Las de mayor uso fueron: Google Académico (36,5 por ciento) y SciELO (25,2 por ciento); en contraste, la mayoría de los estudiantes desconocen las fuentes: HINARI (56,2 por ciento) y EMBASE (55,5 por ciento). Desempeñarse en un año académico superior y tener más percepción de las habilidades en la búsqueda de información científica, constituyen los factores asociados a un mayor uso de las fuentes de información(AU)

The use of information sources is important in the training of the medical student; however, in Latin America a decrease in its use has been reported and problems have been identified in its knowledge. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with the use of information sources in medical students at a university in Tacna, Peru. An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in students of a private university, using a stratified random sampling. A virtual self-applied instrument was used, which inquired into the socio-educational characteristics, the frequency of use/training of the information sources and the characteristics of scientific research. The result of the study indicated greater use of information sources, associated with the independent variables, through multiple regression models. Out of 274 students, 32.1percent frequently used information sources. The most used were: Google Scholar (36.5percent) and SciELO (25.2percent); in contrast, most students are unaware of the sources: HINARI (56.2percent) and EMBASE (55.5percent). In conclusion, performing in a higher academic year and having more perception of the skills in the search for scientific information are the factors associated with greater use of information sources(AU)

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Introduction: Knowing a disease is crucial for being able to fight it, especially in a region in which COVID-19 caused so many deaths, such as Latin America. Objective: To determine the association between basic knowledge of COVID-19 and education level according to country of residence in Latin America. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Basic level of knowledge was measured through nine close-ended questions (scale validated in Peru). The score obtained was analyzed through performing a crosstab vs. gender, age, education level, and country of residence. Results: Of a total of 9,222 respondents, almost all of them knew the common symptoms (99%), modes of transmission (93%), and knew how to recognize which was not a specific symptom (93%). Through the multivariate model, we found that there was no association with gender (p = 0.716) or age (p = 0.059), in comparison with those who had primary or a lower education level. All the other higher education levels had statistically significant scores (all p-values p < 0.001). When comparing knowledge according to countries, and using Peru as reference for comparison, Chile, Paraguay, Mexico, Bolivia, Panama, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Colombia had a better level of knowledge (all p-values < 0.001); however, only El Salvador had a lower level (p < 0.001). Discussion: There was lack of knowledge of some topics, difference according to academic degree and country. As Peru was one of countries that obtained the lowest level of knowledge, it could have influenced the fact that it was the most affected country in the world.

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Resumen Objetivos: describir la producción científica de los asesores de tesis de las facultades de medicina humana en el Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, incluyendo a 806 asesores de tesis de pregrado de medicina de las tres regiones del Perú: costa, sierra y selva. Esta cantidad fue producto de una búsqueda de tesis en repositorios de 29 facultades de medicina humana. De cada una de ellas se obtuvo el nombre de los asesores, se buscó su producción y características en la base Scopus y el buscador Google Académico. Resultados: del total de asesores evaluados, solo 4 y 2 universidades tuvieron a la mitad o más de sus asesores que publicaron en Scopus o en Google Académico, respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la cantidad de publicaciones (valores p < 0,046 en todos los casos) y H índex (valores p < 0,030 en todos los casos) según el grado académico. También se encontró diferencias estadísticas según si publicaron (valores p < 0,001 en todos los casos) y H índex (valores p<0,05 en todos los casos) según el grado académico y la profesión del asesor. Hubo diferencias de la cantidad de publicaciones según el tener el grado de doctor. Conclusiones: fueron pocas las universidades que tuvieron asesores de tesis con producción científica.

Abstract Objectives: to describe the scientific production of thesis advisors of human medicine faculties in Peru. Methods: a descriptive and crosssectional study was carried out, including 806 undergraduate medical thesis advisors from the three regions of Peru: coast, highlands and jungle. This amount was the result of a search for theses in the repositories of 29 faculties of human medicine. For each one of them, the name of the advisors was obtained, their production and characteristics were searched in the Scopus database and the Google Academic search engine. Results: of the total number of advisors evaluated, only 4 and 2 universities had half or more of their advisors publishing in Scopus or Google Scholar, respectively. There were statistically significant differences according to the number of publications (p-values < 0.046 in all cases) and H-index (p-values < 0.030 in all cases) according to academic degree. Statistical differences were also found according to whether they published (p-values < 0.001 in all cases) and H-index (p-values < 0.05 in all cases) according to academic degree and profession of the advisor. There were differences in the number of publications depending on whether the advisor had a doctoral degree . Conclusions: few universities had thesis advisors with scientific production.

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PURPOSE: Dry eye is a multifactorial ocular surface disease (DED) characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis, which is widely associated with alterations in mental health. Problematic internet use (PIU) is defined as the feeling of concern about using this tool irresistibly, for longer periods than usual, accompanied by anguish that results from not doing so without reaching mania or hypomania behaviors. Both PIU and DED present a theoretical link; however, there are no published studies that report its relationship with problematic internet use. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between PIU and symptomatic DED in Peruvian medical students. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study that included human medical students from Peru. For the measurement of main variables, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used. To study their relationship, the Poisson regression analysis was used, we consider a p-value <0.05 as significant. RESULTS: Data from 844 medical students were analyzed, 35.7% male and 64.3% female, with an average age of 21.8 ± 3.3 years. Likewise, the prevalence of symptomatic DED was 70.9%, and the internet's controlled use was 85.3%. In the analysis adjusted for symptomatic DED, the men showed significant differences in the controlled use of the internet (p <0.003), of which those who had PIU, 50% had severe symptomatic DED, as well as 80% of those addicted to the internet. The adjusted model showed that the PIU increases the prevalence of symptomatic DED in men (PR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06-1.29); however, in women, no association was found between both variables. CONCLUSION: PIU and symptomatic DED showed a significant association in male medical students from Peru.

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Secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic heart diseases is efficient in reducing disease recurrence, heart damage, and cardiac impairment. We aimed to monitor the clinical evolution of a large Brazilian cohort of rheumatic patients under prolonged secondary prophylaxis. From 1986 to 2018, a cohort of 593 patients with rheumatic fever was followed every 6 months by the Reference Center for the Control and Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Cardiopathy (CPCFR), Paraná, Brazil. In this cohort, 243 (41%) patients did not present cardiac damage (group I), while 350 (59%) were diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (group II) using the latest case definition. Among group II, 233 and 15 patients had impairment of the mitral and aortic valves, respectively, while 102 patients had impairment of both valves. Lesions on the mitral and aortic valves presented a regression in 69.9 and 48.7% of the patients, respectively. Active patient recruitment in the reference center and early detection of oropharyngeal GAS were important factors for optimal adherence to the prophylactic treatment. Patients with disease progression were associated with noncompliance to secondary prophylaxis. No patients undergoing regular prophylaxis presented progression of the rheumatic cardiac disease. Eighteen valvular surgeries were performed, and four (0.7%) patients died. This study confirmed that tailored and active efforts invested in rheumatic heart disease secondary prevention allowed for significant clinical improvement.

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Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive technique used to assess the large intestine through direct inspection of the intestinal mucosa. When associated with histopathological examination of fragments collected from the intestine, the definitive diagnosis can be obtained. This retrospective study evaluated colonoscopy and histopathological exams of the large intestine and ileum of dogs with gastrointestinal disorders admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the Veterinary Hospital São Francisco de Assis to determine the frequency of injuries, their distribution in the intestinal segments, and the relationship of the findings observed in these two analyzes. The colonoscopy and histopathological findings of the case series were described using absolute and relative frequencies, as well as nature and intensity classification of the findings. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was obtained to assess the concordance of nature and intensity classifications between colonoscopy and histopathology, and its 95% confidence interval constructed. The analyses were performed using the Software SAS University Edition. It was observed a moderate agreement between the classification of the nature of the findings by endoscopy and histopathology (Kappa coefficient = 0.39, CI = 0.20-0.59). This can also be observed when assessing the frequency of similar diagnoses between the methods, since only 39 (72.22%) were consistent, i.e., 15 (22.78%) diagnoses differed depending on the nature of the finding, which could have a great influence on the final diagnosis if histopathology was disregarded. For the intensity of the injuries, little agreement was observed between the methods (Kappa coefficient = 0.1243, C = -0.05-0.30). This was even more evident in the frequency of similar diagnoses in terms of intensity, of which 20 (37.04%) were similar and 34 (62.96%) were different. Inflammatory affections are the most frequently observed alterations in the large intestine and ileum of dogs. The most common finding that reveals inflammatory changes is the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. As for the proliferative and neoplastic lesions, adenomatous polyps and lymphoma were common. The most affected sites of the large intestine were the descending colon and the rectum. Findings such as edema and reddening of the mucosa were frequent by macroscopy. Although the changes observed by colonoscopy and histopathology may not be similar, these techniques are complementary, which makes biopsies mandatory for a diagnostic conclusion.(AU)

A colonoscopia é uma técnica pouco invasiva utilizada para avaliação do intestino grosso por meio de inspeção direta da mucosa intestinal. Quando associada ao exame histopatológico, com a coleta de fragmentos do intestino, o diagnóstico definitivo pode ser obtido. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi associar os achados de exames de colonoscopia e histopatologia do intestino grosso e íleo em 54 cães com distúrbios gastrointestinais dos Hospitais Veterinários da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e São Francisco de Assis. Na colonoscopia, as alterações mais frequentemente observadas foram edema, friabilidade e avermelhamento de mucosa. Quanto à distribuição de lesões por segmento intestinal, houve maior incidência de alterações inflamatórias, das quais foram as mais frequentes, com o infiltrado linfoplasmocitário sendo o mais comum em todos segmentos analisados (i.e. reto, cólon, ceco e íleo). O cólon ascendente e o reto foram os locais de alterações mais frequentes na colonoscopia e na histopatologia. Os pólipos hiperplásicos e o linfoma foram as lesões proliferativas de ocorrência mais comum. Houve baixa concordância entre as classificações por natureza e intensidade dos achados na colonoscopia e histopatologia. Assim, não foi possível associar alterações descritas nos exames histopatológicos quanto à natureza e intensidade das lesões utilizando a colonoscopia, o que leva à conclusão de que é essencial a realização de biópsias em todos os exames para conclusão diagnóstica.(AU)

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Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive technique used to assess the large intestine through direct inspection of the intestinal mucosa. When associated with histopathological examination of fragments collected from the intestine, the definitive diagnosis can be obtained. This retrospective study evaluated colonoscopy and histopathological exams of the large intestine and ileum of dogs with gastrointestinal disorders admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the Veterinary Hospital São Francisco de Assis to determine the frequency of injuries, their distribution in the intestinal segments, and the relationship of the findings observed in these two analyzes. The colonoscopy and histopathological findings of the case series were described using absolute and relative frequencies, as well as nature and intensity classification of the findings. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was obtained to assess the concordance of nature and intensity classifications between colonoscopy and histopathology, and its 95% confidence interval constructed. The analyses were performed using the Software SAS University Edition. It was observed a moderate agreement between the classification of the nature of the findings by endoscopy and histopathology (Kappa coefficient = 0.39, CI = 0.20-0.59). This can also be observed when assessing the frequency of similar diagnoses between the methods, since only 39 (72.22%) were consistent, i.e., 15 (22.78%) diagnoses differed depending on the nature of the finding, which could have a great influence on the final diagnosis if histopathology was disregarded. For the intensity of the injuries, little agreement was observed between the methods (Kappa coefficient = 0.1243, C = -0.05-0.30). This was even more evident in the frequency of similar diagnoses in terms of intensity, of which 20 (37.04%) were similar and 34 (62.96%) were different. Inflammatory affections are the most frequently observed alterations in the large intestine and ileum of dogs. The most common finding that reveals inflammatory changes is the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. As for the proliferative and neoplastic lesions, adenomatous polyps and lymphoma were common. The most affected sites of the large intestine were the descending colon and the rectum. Findings such as edema and reddening of the mucosa were frequent by macroscopy. Although the changes observed by colonoscopy and histopathology may not be similar, these techniques are complementary, which makes biopsies mandatory for a diagnostic conclusion.(AU)

A colonoscopia é uma técnica pouco invasiva utilizada para avaliação do intestino grosso por meio de inspeção direta da mucosa intestinal. Quando associada ao exame histopatológico, com a coleta de fragmentos do intestino, o diagnóstico definitivo pode ser obtido. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi associar os achados de exames de colonoscopia e histopatologia do intestino grosso e íleo em 54 cães com distúrbios gastrointestinais dos Hospitais Veterinários da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e São Francisco de Assis. Na colonoscopia, as alterações mais frequentemente observadas foram edema, friabilidade e avermelhamento de mucosa. Quanto à distribuição de lesões por segmento intestinal, houve maior incidência de alterações inflamatórias, das quais foram as mais frequentes, com o infiltrado linfoplasmocitário sendo o mais comum em todos segmentos analisados (i.e. reto, cólon, ceco e íleo). O cólon ascendente e o reto foram os locais de alterações mais frequentes na colonoscopia e na histopatologia. Os pólipos hiperplásicos e o linfoma foram as lesões proliferativas de ocorrência mais comum. Houve baixa concordância entre as classificações por natureza e intensidade dos achados na colonoscopia e histopatologia. Assim, não foi possível associar alterações descritas nos exames histopatológicos quanto à natureza e intensidade das lesões utilizando a colonoscopia, o que leva à conclusão de que é essencial a realização de biópsias em todos os exames para conclusão diagnóstica.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive technique used to assess the large intestine through direct inspection of the intestinal mucosa. When associated with histopathological examination of fragments collected from the intestine, the definitive diagnosis can be obtained. This retrospective study evaluated colonoscopy and histopathological exams of the large intestine and ileum of dogs with gastrointestinal disorders admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the Veterinary Hospital São Francisco de Assis to determine the frequency of injuries, their distribution in the intestinal segments, and the relationship of the findings observed in these two analyzes. The colonoscopy and histopathological findings of the case series were described using absolute and relative frequencies, as well as nature and intensity classification of the findings. Cohens Kappa coefficient was obtained to assess the concordance of nature and intensity classifications between colonoscopy and histopathology, and its 95% confidence interval constructed. The analyses were performed using the Software SAS University Edition. It was observed a moderate agreement between the classification of the nature of the findings by endoscopy and histopathology (Kappa coefficient = 0.39, CI = 0.20-0.59). This can also be observed when assessing the frequency of similar diagnoses between the methods, since only 39 (72.22%) were consistent, i.e., 15 (22.78%) diagnoses differed depending on the nature of the finding, which could have a great influence on the final diagnosis if histopathology was disregarded. For the intensity of the injuries, little agreement was observed between the methods (Kappa coefficient = 0.1243, C = -0.05-0.30). This was even more evident in the frequency of similar diagnoses in terms of intensity, of which 20 (37.04%) were similar and 34 (62.96%) were different. Inflammatory affections are the most frequently observed alterations in the large intestine and ileum of dogs. The most common finding that reveals inflammatory changes is the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. As for the proliferative and neoplastic lesions, adenomatous polyps and lymphoma were common. The most affected sites of the large intestine were the descending colon and the rectum. Findings such as edema and reddening of the mucosa were frequent by macroscopy. Although the changes observed by colonoscopy and histopathology may not be similar, these techniques are complementary, which makes biopsies mandatory for a diagnostic conclusion.

RESUMO: A colonoscopia é uma técnica pouco invasiva utilizada para avaliação do intestino grosso por meio de inspeção direta da mucosa intestinal. Quando associada ao exame histopatológico, com a coleta de fragmentos do intestino, o diagnóstico definitivo pode ser obtido. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi associar os achados de exames de colonoscopia e histopatologia do intestino grosso e íleo em 54 cães com distúrbios gastrointestinais dos Hospitais Veterinários da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e São Francisco de Assis. Na colonoscopia, as alterações mais frequentemente observadas foram edema, friabilidade e avermelhamento de mucosa. Quanto à distribuição de lesões por segmento intestinal, houve maior incidência de alterações inflamatórias, das quais foram as mais frequentes, com o infiltrado linfoplasmocitário sendo o mais comum em todos segmentos analisados (i.e. reto, cólon, ceco e íleo). O cólon ascendente e o reto foram os locais de alterações mais frequentes na colonoscopia e na histopatologia. Os pólipos hiperplásicos e o linfoma foram as lesões proliferativas de ocorrência mais comum. Houve baixa concordância entre as classificações por natureza e intensidade dos achados na colonoscopia e histopatologia. Assim, não foi possível associar alterações descritas nos exames histopatológicos quanto à natureza e intensidade das lesões utilizando a colonoscopia, o que leva à conclusão de que é essencial a realização de biópsias em todos os exames para conclusão diagnóstica.

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OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to monitor, by radiographic examination, the skeletal development of the pelvis and the femorotibial joints of the domestic cat from the first week of life until the closing of the growth plates. METHODS: Radiographic examinations were collected from 15 domestic cats at weekly intervals during the first month and every 2 weeks from the second to the fourth month of age. After that, examinations were performed monthly until the age of 18 months. RESULTS: The ischiopubic growth plate closed at 2 months of age, followed by the fusion of the iliopubic, ilioischial, proximal femoral, greater trochanter and proximal fibular growth plates. The distal femur and proximal tibial growth plates were the last to close, with fusion occurring at 18 months. The mean time to closure of the iliopubic, ilioischial and distal femoral growth plates was shorter in females. The ossification centers first appeared, in ascending order, beginning with the lesser trochanter, followed by the greater trochanter, proximal fibular epiphysis, tibial tuberosity, patella, ischial tuberosity and lateral sesamoid of the popliteus muscle. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The complete closure of the growth plates of domestic cats occurs at approximately 18 months of age. Skeletal maturation at approximately 18 months of age is an important parameter to be considered in radiographic evaluation of certain skeletal changes, evolution of fractures and nutritional imbalance.

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Abstract Objective: To assess the level of agreement in health-related quality of life between children with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans and their parent (so-called proxy). Methods: Participants aged between 8and 17 years who had been previously diagnosed with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans were regularly followed up at a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic. Parents or legal guardians (caregivers) of these patients were also recruited for the study. A validated and age-appropriate version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 was used for the assessment of health-related quality of life. Caregivers completed the corresponding proxy versions of the questionnaire. The correlation between self and proxy reports of health-related quality of life was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient and dependent t-tests. Results: The majority of participants were males (79.4%), and the average age was 11.8 years. Intra-class correlations between each of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 domains and the total score were all lower than 0.6, with a range between 0.267 (poor) and 0.530 (fair). When the means of each domain and the total score of the questionnaires were compared, caregivers were observed to have a significantly lower health-related quality of life score than children, with the exception of the social domain in which the difference was not significant. However, the differences in score exceeded the critical threshold difference of four points in all other domains. Conclusion: Proxies of children and adolescents with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans appear to consistently perceive their children as having lower health-related quality of life than how the patients perceive themselves.

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de concordância a respeito da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre crianças com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa e seus pais (responsáveis). Métodos: Os participantes entre 8-17 anos, anteriormente diagnosticados com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa, foram acompanhados regularmente no ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica. Os pais ou responsáveis legais (cuidadores) desses pacientes também foram convidados a participar do estudo. Uma versão validada e adequada para a idade do Inventário Pediátrico de Qualidade de Vida, versão 4.0, foi utilizada para a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Os cuidadores concluíram as versões do questionário correspondentes aos responsáveis. A correlação entre os autorrelatos e os relatos dos responsáveis da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foi determinada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e pelos testes t dependentes. Resultados: A maior parte dos participantes era do sexo masculino (79,4%) e a idade média foi 11,8 anos. As correlações intraclasse entre cada um dos domínios do Inventário Pediátrico de Qualidade de Vida e o escore total foram todas inferiores a 0,6, com intervalo entre 0,267 (baixo) e 0,530 (justo). Quando as médias de cada domínio e o escore total dos questionários foram comparados, observamos que os cuidadores apresentaram qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde significativamente menor em comparação com as crianças, com exceção do domínio social, no qual a diferença não foi significativa. Contudo, as diferenças no escore ultrapassaram o limite de diferença essencial de 4 pontos em todos os outros domínios. Conclusão: Os responsáveis pelas crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa parecem perceber de forma consistente que suas crianças possuem qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde menor que os próprios pacientes.

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Driver distraction is one of the major causes of traffic accidents. In recent years, given the advance in connectivity and social networks, the use of smartphones while driving has become more frequent and a serious problem for safety. Texting, calling, and reading while driving are types of distractions caused by the use of smartphones. In this paper, we propose a non-intrusive technique that uses only data from smartphone sensors and machine learning to automatically distinguish between drivers and passengers while reading a message in a vehicle. We model and evaluate seven cutting-edge machine-learning techniques in different scenarios. The Convolutional Neural Network and Gradient Boosting were the models with the best results in our experiments. Results show accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and kappa metrics superior to 0.95.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of agreement in health-related quality of life between children with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans and their parent (so-called proxy). METHODS: Participants aged between 8and 17 years who had been previously diagnosed with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans were regularly followed up at a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic. Parents or legal guardians (caregivers) of these patients were also recruited for the study. A validated and age-appropriate version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 was used for the assessment of health-related quality of life. Caregivers completed the corresponding proxy versions of the questionnaire. The correlation between self and proxy reports of health-related quality of life was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient and dependent t-tests. RESULTS: The majority of participants were males (79.4%), and the average age was 11.8 years. Intra-class correlations between each of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 domains and the total score were all lower than 0.6, with a range between 0.267 (poor) and 0.530 (fair). When the means of each domain and the total score of the questionnaires were compared, caregivers were observed to have a significantly lower health-related quality of life score than children, with the exception of the social domain in which the difference was not significant. However, the differences in score exceeded the critical threshold difference of four points in all other domains. CONCLUSION: Proxies of children and adolescents with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans appear to consistently perceive their children as having lower health-related quality of life than how the patients perceive themselves.

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A Síndrome do Navicular é uma patologia que afeta o membro distal do equino e envolve diversas estruturas anatômicas. A avaliação radiográfica desempenha papel fundamental no seu diagnóstico, sendo o primeiro exame de imagem a ser realizado quando há uma suspeita clínica. O exame radiográfico deve ser realizado com maestria técnica, visando a obtenção de uma imagem de valor diagnóstico. Para tal, é necessário que o paciente se submeta a preparações específicas no casco, e que as projeções sejam feitas levando-se em consideração posicionamento e exposição corretos. É fundamental reconhecer os achados de imagem relevantes e correlacioná-los com a manifestação clínica apresentada pelo paciente. Ressalta-se a importância da proteção contra a radiação ionizante para todos os envolvidos no processo e também as novas modalidades em diagnóstico por imagem que podem ser utilizadas.

Navicular syndrome affects the whole equine distal limb, thus involving several anatomic structures. Radiographic examination plays an important role in its diagnosis, and it is the first imaging technique used when a clinical suspicion is raised. The examination should be conducted focusing on technical excellence, thus aiming to obtain images of diagnostic value. Therefore, it is paramount that the patient undergoes detailed hoof preparation and all radiographic views are taken considering correct positioning and exposure, allowing to correlate images obtained to clinical findings. It must be highlighted that protection against radiation should always be worn and that new diagnostic imaging modalities can be employed.

El síndrome del navicular es una patología que afecta el miembro distal del caballo y envuelve diversas estructuras anatómicas. El examen radiográfico desempeña un importante papel, porque es la primera modalidad de imagenología utilizada cuando un diagnóstico es sospechoso. El examen debe ser hecho con maestría técnica para la obtención de una imagen con valor diagnóstico. Por lo tanto, el paciente debe someterse a una preparación del casco y las incidencias deben ser hechas con posición e exposición correctas, con correlación con la clínica. Es muy importante que protección contra la radiación sea utilizado. Nuevas modalidades de imagenología también pueden ser empleadas, pero todas las imágenes deben ser correlacionadas con la cojera del caballo.

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