RESUMEN

This study describes mobile food vendors (street vendors) in Bronx, NY, considering neighborhood-level correlations with demographic, diet, and diet-related health measures from City data. Vendors offering exclusively "less-healthy" foods (e.g., chips, processed meats, sweets) outnumbered vendors offering exclusively "healthier" foods (e.g., produce, whole grains, nuts). Wet days and winter months reduced all vending on streets, but exclusively "less-healthy" vending most. In summer, exclusively "less-healthy" vending per capita inversely correlated with neighborhood-mean fruit-and-vegetable consumption and directly correlated with neighborhood-mean BMI and prevalences of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (Spearman correlations 0.90-1.00, p values 0.037 to <0.001). In winter, "less-healthy" vending per capita directly correlated with proportions of Hispanic residents and those living in poverty (Spearman correlations 0.90, p values 0.037). Mobile food vending may contribute negatively to urban food-environment healthfulness overall, but exacerbation of demographic, diet, and diet-related health disparities may vary by weather, season, and neighborhood characteristics.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In food-environment research, an alternative to resource-intensive direct observation on the ground has been the use of commercial business lists. We sought to determine how well a frequently used commercial business list measures a dense urban food environment like the Bronx, NY. On 155 Bronx street segments, investigators compared two different levels for matches between the business list and direct ground observation: lenient (by business type) and strict (by business name). For each level of matching, researchers calculated sensitivities and positive predictive values (PPVs) for the business list overall and by broad business categories: General Grocers (eg, supermarkets), Specialty Food Stores (eg, produce markets), Restaurants, and Businesses Not Primarily Selling Food (eg, newsstands). Even after cleaning the business list (eg, for cases of multiple listings at a single location), and allowing for inexactness in listed street addresses and spellings of business names, the overall performance of the business list was poor. For strict matches, the business list had an overall sensitivity of 39.3% and PPV of 45.5%. Sensitivities and PPVs by broad business categories were not meaningfully different from overall values, although sensitivity for General Grocers and PPV for Specialty Food Stores were particularly low: 26.2% and 32%, respectively. For lenient matches, sensitivities and PPVs were somewhat higher but still poor: 52.4% to 60% and 60% to 75%, respectively. The business list is inadequate to measure the actual food environment in the Bronx. If results represent performance in other settings, findings from prior studies linking food environments to diet and diet-related health outcomes using such business lists are in question, and future studies of this type should avoid relying solely on such business lists.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La compresión axilar por el uso de muletas es una causa infrecuente y subdiagnosticada de isquemia arterial aguda del miembro superior. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con isquemia aguda debido a trauma en la confluencia de las arterias axilar y humeral inducido por el uso de muletas. Dicha lesión fue el foco de microembolias que ocluyeron el arco palmar y la arteria humeral. Se diagnosticó con una arteriografía selectiva de la arteria axilar, y se tratómediante un bypass axilo-humeral con prótesis de PTFE anillado de 6 mm, con resultado satisfactorio en el seguimiento clínico a cinco años del postoperatorio.

A compressão axilar devido ao uso de muletas é uma causa pouco frequente e subdiagnosticada de isquemia arterial aguda do membro superior. Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente com isquemia aguda por trauma da confluência das artérias axilar e femoral induzido pormuletas. Esta lesão foi o foco de microembolias que provocaram a oclusão do arco palmar e da artéria femoral. Foi diagnosticado com uma arteriografia seletiva da artéria axilar, e tratado com um bypass axilo-femoral com prótese de capas de PTFE de 6 mm, com resultado satisfatório no seguimento clínico, cinco anos depois do pós operatório.

Crutch induced axillary trauma represents an infrequent but underdiagnosed cause of acuteischemia to the upper limb. We present a case of acute arterial ischemia caused by trauma of the confluence of the axillary and brachial arteries induced by the use of crutches. This lesion was the origin of microembolisms that occluded both the palmar arch and the brachialartery. The diagnosis was made by a selective arteriography of the axillary artery. An axillobrachial bypass with a 6 mm ringed PTFE prosthesis was performed showing satisfactory resultson his 5 year postoperative clinical follow up.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La verdadera prevalencia del síndrome de atrapamiento de la arteria poplítea es desconocida; se estima en un 0.16%. Se considera la principal causa de claudicación intermitente en jóvenes deportistas sin factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Se caracteriza por la compresión extrínseca de la arteria poplítea, ya sea por defecto anatómico de las estructuras músculo-tendinosas o por hipertrofia de los músculos gemelos, lo cual ocasiona el atrapamiento y síntomas de parestesias, frialdad y claudicación intermitente en la extremidad comprometida. La compresión crónica de la arteria puede llevar a daño irreversible con formación de trombos y aneurismas y a la consiguiente amputación de la extremidad, por lo que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportunos son de gran importancia para el paciente.

The true prevalence of the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is unknown, it is estimated to be 0.16%. It is considered as the main cause of intermittent claudication in young athletes without cardiovascular risk factors. It is characterized by the extrinsic compression of the popliteal artery either caused by defects of the muscle-tendon structures or by the hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle leading to the arterial entrapment and symptoms of paresthesia, intermittent claudication and coldness of the affected limb. Chronic compression of the artery may lead to irreversible damage with formation of thrombi and aneurysms and the subsequent amputation of the limb. Therefore, correct diagnosis and treatment are of great importance for the patient.

RESUMEN

Racial and ethnic disparities in obesity persist despite a narrowing in obesity risk associated with socioeconomic status. The household environment has been shown to be important in understanding obesity-promoting behaviors in diverse populations. Our current study was designed to examine the relationship between household density and obesity in young Black and White adults aged 18-30 years from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. All sociodemographic and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) information for this study was collected by questionnaire between 1990-1991. Height was collected using a mounted centimeter ruler. Weight was measured on a balance beam scale. Obesity was defined as a body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2. Household density (HD) was defined as the ratio of people to bedrooms in the home. High HD was defined as a ratio > 1. Bivariate analysis showed that more women tend to live in high density households compared to men (45.4% vs 38.9%; P < .01) and more Blacks tend to live in high density households compared to Whites (53.7% vs 31.8%). Leisure-time physical activity index was lower in Blacks than in Whites (2.5% vs 2.6%; P < .01). Blacks had a higher prevalence of obesity than Whites (27.1% vs 11.8%; P < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that Black women within high HD were at highest risk for obesity compared to White women living within low HD (OR = 4.88%; 95% CI: 3.56-6.67). HD may provide an important context in understanding racial disparities in obesity-promoting behaviors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se presentan 71 pacientes, 50 hombres y 21 mujeres, la mayoría entre 50 y 80 años de edad. La isquemia cerebral transitoria fue el cuadro clínico dominante (55 por ciento). Los enfermos asintomáticos 25 por ciento. El 19 por ciento restante se presentó con un cuadro de RIND (8 por ciento), con síntomas globales inespecíficos 8 por ciento, o con síndrome neurológico inestable 3 por ciento. Un 75 por ciento manifestaron enfermedades concomitantes significativas: hipertensión, enfermedad coronaria e infartos viejos, diabetes. A todos se los estudió con Ecodoppler y angiografía digital computarizada extra e intracerebral. Se trabajó con anestesia general siempre. Se realizaron 81 endarterectomías con shunt y arterografía simple. Hubo 3 complicaciones neurológicas, 2 reversibles, 1 definitiva y 1 fallecimiento por IAM postoperatorio (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se presentan 71 pacientes, 50 hombres y 21 mujeres, la mayoría entre 50 y 80 años de edad. La isquemia cerebral transitoria fue el cuadro clínico dominante (55 por ciento). Los enfermos asintomáticos 25 por ciento. El 19 por ciento restante se presentó con un cuadro de RIND (8 por ciento), con síntomas globales inespecíficos 8 por ciento, o con síndrome neurológico inestable 3 por ciento. Un 75 por ciento manifestaron enfermedades concomitantes significativas: hipertensión, enfermedad coronaria e infartos viejos, diabetes. A todos se los estudió con Ecodoppler y angiografía digital computarizada extra e intracerebral. Se trabajó con anestesia general siempre. Se realizaron 81 endarterectomías con shunt y arterografía simple. Hubo 3 complicaciones neurológicas, 2 reversibles, 1 definitiva y 1 fallecimiento por IAM postoperatorio

Asunto(s)