RESUMEN
Different nociceptive reactions and individual resistance were studied in rats in the initial state and in conditions of stimulation of immune processes by various methods. The aims were to study the effect of the preparation Imunofan, an immune stimulator, on various behavioral manifestations of pain reactions in animals with different individual resistances to stress and to compare the results with similar data in a natural model of immune activation. Detection of the central, immune-dependent component of the regulation of nociceptive reactions was addressed using intracerebroventricular administration of the study compound. Studies were performed on 43 male Wistar rats. Individual resistance to stress was assessed by recording the free behavior of the animals in an open field test. The following nociceptive reactions were assessed: 1) the tail withdrawal reaction using the standard tail flick method; and 2) running, twitching, jumping, and vocalization reactions to electrical stimulation of the limbs. These studies demonstrated that i.m. administration of Imunofan (10 microl of 0.005% solution) suppressed the active behavior of the animals in the open field and produced hyperalgesia, with decreases in the thresholds of nociceptive reactions. Hyperalgesia in stress-sensitive rats were significantly greater than in resistant animals. Similar results were obtained in conditions of natural activation of immunity produced by the operative intervention needed for injection of the agent into the cerebral ventricle. Intracerebroventricular administration of Imunofan was accompanied by more marked and complex changes in pain sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad/fisiología , Dolor/inmunología , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Animales , Conducta Animal , Hiperalgesia , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Modelos Inmunológicos , Dolor/fisiopatología , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tiempo de Reacción , Carrera , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatología , Vocalización AnimalRESUMEN
Various behavioural nociceptive reactions and individual resistance against stress were studied under conditions of stimulation of the immune processes by various techniques. The research problems included a study of influence of the immune stimulation with preparation "Imunofan" upon pain responses depending on individual resistance of animals to a stress, and the obtained results were compared with similar data in natural model of immune activation. To reveal central immune regulation of nociceptive reactions, imunofan was injected into brain ventricles. The work was carried out in 43 "Wistar" adult male rats. Free "open field" behaviour of animals was recorded to define a stress-resistance. Following nociceptive reactions, tail-flick to thermal stimuli; start, escape, jumping and vocalization to electrical skin stimulation, were studied. It was shown that intramuscular injection of imunofan (0.01 ml, 0.005% solution) depressed an active behaviour of animals in open field and reduced pain thresholds. This hyperalgesia was much higher in non-resistant rats in comparison to the resistant ones. Similar results were obtained in natural activation of immunity caused by operative procedure necessary for injection of imunofan into ventricles. Intracerebroventricular injections were accompanied by stronger and more complex changes of pain sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Animales , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Estimulación Eléctrica , Calor , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Oligopéptidos/administración & dosificación , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
It was found that the absence of the analgesic effect of morphine, as determined by the tail-flick test, in morphine-resistant and morphine-tolerant rats, as well as in naloxane blockade of morphine analgesia in morphine-sensitive rats was attended with a four- to eight-fold increase in morphine antibodies in the plasma, as determined by the ELISA method. It is suggested that a pharmacokinetic factor mediated through immune reactions of morphine antibodies formation is one of the mechanisms of such conditions.
Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Morfina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Morfina/inmunología , Naloxona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento/inmunología , Animales , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/farmacología , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Calor , Masculino , Morfina/farmacología , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Cola (estructura animal)Asunto(s)
Bulbo Olfatorio/fisiología , Fases del Sueño/fisiología , Animales , Gatos , ElectrofisiologíaRESUMEN
Complex action potentials (background and evoked by the lateral olfactory tract stimulation) were recorded from the secondary neurons of the olfactory bulb. The amplitude and duration of the complex action potentials changed depending on the synchronous appearance and combination of their elementary components. It is supposed that they were recorded in cases when the electrode was located near the spike-generating zones and that there are many such zones in the dendrites of the secondary neurons. The evoked action potentials appeared with different latencies (about 1 ms, about 2 ms, about 3 ms). Data are presented indicating that the antidromic response arises with the first latency and the responses with other latencies are synaptic. Synaptic responses were found more often than antidromic ones. These data suggest a variable representation of excitatory synapses in the secondary neurons (besides the excitatory olfactory glomerulus input).