RESUMEN
Estuaries are a significant source of nutrients to the marine environment. The magnitude of this source is a function of nutrients load reaching the estuary and removal (attenuation) within estuaries. Most estuarine research is conducted in large estuaries, which do not reflect the processes in small estuaries in urban and semi-arid regions where flood water is a substantial portion of the annual discharge and the estuarine baseflow is often low and dominated by wastewater. To improve the understanding of nutrient attenuation and load into the Mediterranean, we conducted high-resolution nutrient sampling in the eutrophic Alexander micro-estuary as a test case. We sampled once per month during baseflows (years 2014-2019) and hourly during floods (years 2016-2018). The concentrations of inorganic nutrients (phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N)) were extremely high during baseflows. Dissolved ammonium and particulate P were the only nutrients that were in the estuary (by 55 % and 30 %, respectively). Floods were rare, occurring ~4 % of the time, but contributed 62 % of the annual water discharge of the Alexander micro-estuary (14.7 ± 3.8 106 m3 y-1). The concentration of all dissolved nutrients decreased during floods but was higher than expected (DIN 584 ± 50 µmol L-1, phosphate 21 ± 2 µmol L-1), accounting for 42 % and 55 % of the overall annual DIN (123.5 ± 44.9-ton yr-1) and P (6.7 ± 1.9 ton yr-1) loads to sea, respectively. The N:P ratios were 16 and 34 during baseflow and flood events, respectively. Previously, nutrient loads were calculated by multiplying baseflow-measured concentrations by the total water volume of baseflow and floods. Our calculations, based on high-resolution sampling, revealed lower annual loads of P and N to the sea that were 56 % and 89 % of previous estimates, which is a considerable difference in an oligotrophic system such as the eastern Mediterranean.
RESUMEN
The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a target child's gender typicality on different aspects of preadolescents' inferences and judgments. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between children's self-endorsement of traits and their inferences and judgments. Fifth and sixth graders were shown a video film, portraying a child playing either a gender-appropriate game with members of the same sex or a gender-inappropriate game with members of the other sex. In addition, subjects completed an adapted version of the BSRI and were categorized into sex-typed, androgynous, and undifferentiated subjects. Subjects made a number of different types of judgments and inferences about the target, including inferences about traits, popularity, choice of gift and name, and willingness to engage in activities with the target. All types of inferences and judgments were affected by the variations in the targets' gender-related behaviors, whereas self-endorsement of traits was not related to the inferences and judgments. The results suggest that the gender typicality of the target behavior is salient to preadolescents, regardless of their sex-role orientation.