RESUMEN
The effects of goal-directed fluid therapy, with lactated Ringer's (LR) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution, on hemorrhagic shock dogs are unknown. We aimed to determine the optimal LR: HES ratio for the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock dogs. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 40 ventilated dogs by drawing an estimated 60% blood volume. The animals were randomly divided into five groups (N = 8) according to the LR: HES ratio of the resuscitation fluid (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), and were then resuscitated for 24 h to reach the stroke volume variation (SVV) and hemoglobin (Hb) goals by fluid infusion and autologous blood perfusion. The extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), base excess (BE), sodium, chloride, Hb and creatinine clearance (Clearcrea) were checked after 24 h (R24). The EVLWI of the 3:1 group at R24 were higher than that of the 1:3 group and the baseline value (P < 0.05), whereas the PaO2 was lower (P < 0.05). In contrast to the 3:1 group at R24 and baseline, plasma chloride and sodium in the 1:3 and 1:2 groups increased; however, pH, BE, and Clearcrea decreased (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the 1:1 and 2:1 groups at R24 compared with baseline (P > 0.05). Resuscitation with LR and HES at 2:1 and 1:1 ratios are superior in maintaining the acid-base, electrolyte, and lung water balances as well as renal function in hemorrhagic shock dogs than at ratios of 3:l, 1:2, and1:3.
Asunto(s)
Fluidoterapia/métodos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/farmacología , Soluciones Isotónicas/farmacología , Resucitación/métodos , Choque Hemorrágico/terapia , Equilibrio Ácido-Base/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga , Cloruros/sangre , Perros , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Pruebas de Función Renal , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Respiración Artificial , Lactato de Ringer , Choque Hemorrágico/sangre , Choque Hemorrágico/patología , Sodio/sangre , Volumen Sistólico/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
We evaluated the relationship between total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and pregnancy outcome in a prospective cohort study focusing on fetal growth restriction (FGR). Sixty women with FGR and twenty with normal singleton pregnancy were enrolled during their third trimester. Infants were followed up for 6 months. Blood samples were obtained from pregnant women during the third trimester; cord blood samples were also taken. Six months after birth, blood samples were obtained from infants. Demographic and baseline characteristics were compared between groups. Birth weight, length and head circumference of neonates in the FGR group were lower than those in the control group. Total serum IgE level was significantly increased in third-trimester pregnant women with FGR compared with normal group (P < 0.05). However, this trend was not observed in the cord blood at birth or peripheral blood of 6-month-old infants. The prevalence of atopic eczema between the 2 groups was similar. Linear regression analysis revealed that the IgE level in the third trimester was negatively correlated with birth weight (P < 0.05). Higher serum IgE level in the cord blood was significantly associated with an increased risk of being small for gestational age (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IgE levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and cord blood are strongly related to birth outcomes of FGR.
Asunto(s)
Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Resultado del Embarazo , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
To improve embryogenesis in microspore cultures of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), arabinogalactan (AG), p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), and activated charcoal (AC) were added to the medium using four varieties of kale. The results showed that the addition of AG (0.1-0.2 g/L), AC (0.1-0.2 g/L) or a combination of 6-BA (0.1-0.2 mg/L) and NAA (0.1-0.2 mg/L) promoted embryo-genesis. Adding 40 µM PCIB or a combination of 40 µM PCIB and 0.2 g/L AC to NLN-13 medium at pH 5.8 effectively enhanced embryogenesis. Treatment with a combination of 40 µM PCIB and 10 mg/L AG gave the highest rate of embryonic induction, especially in genotype "Y007," which showed a twelve-fold increase in yield.
Asunto(s)
Brassica/embriología , Carbón Orgánico/farmacología , Ácido Clofíbrico/farmacología , Galactanos/farmacología , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brassica/genética , PloidiasRESUMEN
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulates many cellular processes, including protein stability, cell cycle control, DNA repair, transcription, signal transduction, and protein trafficking. In fact, UPS plays a key role in various stress conditions such as ischemia, glutamate toxicity, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Huwe1, a homologous to E6-AP carboxy terminus (HECT) domain ubiquitin ligase, is now being regarded as a vital protein involved in neural stem cell differentiation, adult neurogenesis, and the DNA damage response pathway. In response to DNA damage, Huwe1 may have a dual function in arresting DNA replication and in ending checkpoint signaling. The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells regulated by Huwe1-mediated Notch signaling could also play an important role in neural protection following neural injury. Considering Huwe1 is required for neural precursor survival and the regulation of the DNA damage response pathway, there is growing evidence and considerable hope that Huwe1 might be a therapeutic target for neural injury.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Neurogénesis , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Encefalopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial disorder, and genetic factors act as important contributors to its onset and progression. Inflammation is a key event that is closely associated with the pathophysiology of IS. The association of genetic polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines with IS remains poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) for IL-4, which is an important biomarker of inflammation, and the risk of IS. To assess the nature of the VNTR polymorphism in IL-4 and identify any links with IS, we recruited 200 subjects from a unique population that has 60% European and 40% East Asian ancestry. The subjects comprised 100 IS patients diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging within 24 h of symptom onset and 100 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched normal healthy controls. VNTR was identified using high-performance capillary electrophoresis with specially designed tailed primers. The IL-4 VNTR polymorphism was significantly associated with IS after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 0.571, 95%CI = 0.330-0.949, P < 0.05). Our data indicate that IL-4 VNTR polymorphism may affect susceptibility to IS in the Chinese Uyghur population. Moreover, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, history of heart diseases, and negative events may increase the risk of IS, with a trend for HDL to be a protective factor for IS in the Uyghur population.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Interleucina-4/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Adulto , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico/etnología , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , China , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects; genes involved in homocysteine/folate metabolism may play important roles in CHDs. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine. We investigated whether two polymorphisms (A66G and C524T) of the MTRR gene are associated with CHDs. A total of 599 children with CHDs and 672 healthy children were included; the polymorphisms were detected by PCR and RFLP analysis. Significant differences in the distributions of A66G and C524T alleles were observed between CHD cases and controls, and slightly increased risks of CHD were associated with 66GG and 524CT genotypes (odds ratios = 1.545 and 1.419, respectively). The genotype frequencies of 524CT in the VSD subgroup, 66GG and 524CT in the PDA subgroup were significantly different from those of controls. In addition, the combined 66AA/524CT, 66AG/524CT and 66GG/524CT in CHDs had odds ratios = 1.589, 1.422 and 1.934, respectively. Increased risks were also observed in 66AA/524CT and 66GG/524CT for ASD, 66AG/524CT for VSD, as well as 66GG/524CT for PDA. In conclusion, MTRR A66G and C524T polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of CHDs.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico , Ferredoxina-NADP Reductasa/genética , Cardiopatías Congénitas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pueblo Asiatico/etnología , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , China/etnología , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/etnología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Cardiopatías Congénitas/enzimología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Infantile spasms are a severe epileptic encephalopathy with a variety of etiologies that occur in infancy and early childhood. Subjects with infantile spasms are at a higher risk for evolving into intractable epileptic spasms, tending to be refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Genetic polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein-encoding gene ABCB1 are suspected to be associated with pharmacoresistance phenotypes in epilepsy patients. Conflicting findings have been reported in different populations; few studies have explored whether this apparent association is affected by other host factors, such as specific epilepsy syndrome. We performed a case-control study to determine whether the risk of infantile spasms is influenced by common ABCB1 polymorphisms in a Han Chinese children's population consisting of 91 patients and 368 healthy individuals. DNA was isolated from whole blood, and three genetic polymorphisms (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T) were assayed by PCR-RFLP. There were significant differences in the distributions of 3435TT [P = 0.001; odds ratio = 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44-4.27] and 3435CT [P < 0.001; odds ratio = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15-0.54] genotypes between infantile spasm cases and controls. No significant differences were observed in allelic and haplotypic frequencies of ABCB1 polymorphisms between the two groups. This study demonstrated that variations in the C3435T gene play an important role in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms in the Han Chinese population; 3435TT is associated with increased risk of having this epilepsy syndrome.