RESUMEN
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with TFE3 gene fusion caused by Xp11.2 translocations is a rare RCC subtype. This tumor is typically seen in children, comprising 20â40% of overall RCC cases compared to 1â1.6% observed in adults. Xp11.2 RCC is associated with a poor prognosis due to both the progression of local lesions and early distant and lymphatic metastasis. Case presentation: A case of RCC with Xp11.2 RCC translocations and TFE3 gene fusion was found in a pediatric patient, illustrating the catastrophic effects of ignoring the condition. The tumor developed from a local lesion to lymph metastasis (3.2-12 cm) within 4 years. Despite ongoing controversy, surgical resection remains the most common and productive approach. In this patient, renal retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and radical nephrectomy of the left kidney were performed via laparoscopic surgery. The RCC-associated Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions were identified by postoperative pathology. Microscopic analysis showed the presence of intravascular cancer thrombus, renal sinus invasion, and cancer necrosis. The pathological stages were confirmed as PT3aN1M0 with a negative margin. Follow-up at 5 months showed that the patient recovered without the use of any adjuvant treatments. Conclusion: Our study highlights the natural course, diagnosis, and treatment of RCC-associated Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions, especially the necessity of early surgery. This case may be a helpful reference for urologists in the treatment of similar cases. It also serves as a precautionary signal for patients who neglect the renal neoplasm.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To understand the characteristics of size and concentration of the ultrafine particles (UFPs) during the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, as well as the influencing factors for number concentration of UFPs. METHODS: Ultrafine particle monitor model 3031, manufactured by USA TSI Co., was used to monitor the daily number concentration of 20-500 nm particles, and descriptive analysis was conducted based on the data collected. RESULTS: During the Olympics, the mean value of number concentration for 20-100 nm particulate matter is 5 920.43 particles/ cm3. Particles ranging 30-50 nm account for the largest portion(23.49%) among particles of all sizes. There are two peak values on the curve of 24 hours' number concentration for 20-100 nm particles, respectively, at noon and evening. CONCLUSION: This paper indicates that the number concentration of ultrafine particles registered considerable reduction in the 2008's Olympics compared to the pre-Olympics years. And observation of the curves indicated that the number concentrations of the UFPs with bigger size are related to traffic volume, whereas for smaller size UFPs, illumination may be a more important influencing factor. Also there are significant correlations between number concentration and temperature as well as relative humidity.