RESUMEN
West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in the territory of Saratov region and its role in the infectious pathology were investigated. For this purpose, in studies conducted in 2013-2015, suspensions of bloodsucking arthropods, organs of birds and small mammals were analyzed for the presence of WNV markers (antigens and/or RNA). The seroprevalence level in live-stock animals and population of the region was evaluated; clinical samples from patients with symptoms compatible with West Nile fever (WNF) were analyzed. As a result of the investigations, WNV markers were detected in field samples gathered in natural biotopes and in the city of Saratov. Immunity to WNV was detected in horses. A stable domain of persons with immunity to this agent was revealed among regional population. Patients with WNF have been annually registered in the region since 2012. The obtained results confirm active circulation of WNF in the Saratov region, as well as formation of stable natural and anthropourgic foci.
RESUMEN
AIM: Examine features of natural, natural-anthropourgic and anthropourgic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in various, mostly forest, biotopes of typical barrens due to differences of non-specific HFRS prophylaxis in foci of various types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epizootological and epidemiologic data from 1998 to 2012 were analyzed, gathered in HFRS foci of all types in Saratov area of Saratov Region (typical barrens). 14,606 trap-nights were worked off and 2669 small mammals were procured. The most significant population-ecologic and ecologic-epizootological methods and criteria were used for comparative analysis of differences for 3 types of foci. RESULTS: Based on analysis of multi-year data seasonal differences for HFRS foci of various types were shown by 10 population-ecologic and ecologic-epizootologic criteria. CONCLUSION: The results obtained allow to state that modern means and methods of non-specific prophylaxis of HFRS and other zoonoses in foci of various types different significantly. This allows the most rational use of material and financial resources.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/transmisión , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/virología , Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Orthohantavirus/patogenicidad , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/epidemiología , Humanos , Mamíferos/virología , Federación de Rusia , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/virologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Determine qualitative and quantitative criteria of evaluation of features for natural, natural-anthropourgic and anthropourgic foci of hantaviruses (using hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome--HFRS foci as an example), that have formed in various areas of Saratov Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epizootological and epidemiologic data from 1998 to 2012 were analyzed. During this period in all the types of foci of Atkarsk area (Northern barrens) 13,004 trap-nights were worked off, 2577 small mammals were procured. Genetic, population-ecological and ecological-epizootological methods and criteria were used for comparative analysis of 3 types of loci: PCR diagnostics and sequencing of pathogenic for humans hantaviruses, species cadaster and features of season dynamics of species composition of hantavirus carriers, domination indexes, parameters of quantity and infection of carriers by hantaviruses; distribution of the latter by biotopes, degree and character of population contacts with natural-foci complexes, epizootic potential of foci. RESULTS: Based on multi-year data analysis features of 3 types of HFRS foci were shown in various, mostly forest, biotopes of Northern and a part of typical barrens. A stable domination of Pumala genotype hantavirus was noted; a weakly expressed circulation in parasite systems with Apodemus genus carriers, first of all Dobrava genotype Apodemus agrarius, was established as well. CONCLUSION: A certain specter of most universal criteria;that are closely interconnected, are necessary during typing of HFRS foci and a number of other zoonozes.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Infección Focal , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/epidemiología , Orthohantavirus/genética , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Animales , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Genotipo , Pradera , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Orthohantavirus/patogenicidad , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/transmisión , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/virología , Humanos , Murinae/virología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Análisis Espacio-Temporal , Zoonosis/transmisión , Zoonosis/virologíaRESUMEN
The paper analyzes relationships of the plague bacilli to the representatives of different types of living organisms inhabiting the burrows. The authors give their own data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of indicoles of the burrow of little sousliks (Spermophillus pygmaeus). They assess the role of mutagenic agents in burrow microbiocenoses.
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Reservorios de Enfermedades/microbiología , Ecosistema , Peste/epidemiología , Peste/transmisión , Sciuridae/microbiología , Yersinia pestis/fisiología , Animales , Escarabajos/microbiología , Peste/parasitología , Federación de Rusia , Suelo/parasitología , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
The role of necrophagy in the epizootic manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is first shown. By analyzing a great body of data obtained in the Saratov Region in 1982-2000, it has been established that the frequency of manifestations of necrophagy depends on many factors, the most important of which are a season, the size (density) of populations of small mammals, their species composition and the type of biotopes inhabited by these animals. Necrophagy is ascertained to be of great importance in HFRS foci as one of the alimentary routes of infection transmission in the parasitic systems. The presence or absence of necrophagy may serve as a preliminary test for the activity of HFRS foci.