RESUMEN
Regional lymph node status impacts survival in dogs with malignant mammary tumors. However, few studies have evaluated extracapsular extension and tumor implants in regional lymph node metastases in dogs with mammary carcinoma. Therefore, 84 cases of mammary carcinomas with metastases in inguinal and/or axillary lymph nodes from female dogs of different breeds and a total of 139 metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated by routine histological staining. Clinical and pathological characteristics of primary tumors as well as the presence of extracapsular extension and tumor implants in the lymph nodes were analyzed, in addition to survival. One to 5 lymph nodes were evaluated in each case. Extracapsular extension and tumor implants were present in 17.9% and 39.3% of cases, respectively. The simultaneous presence of extracapsular extension and tumor implants were associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 10.46). In addition, "special type carcinomas", high histological grade (grade III), and presence of extracapsular extension associated with tumor implants were related to a worse prognosis and shorter survival times (p < 0.05). Based on these results, we highlight the importance of identifying extracapsular extension and tumor implants in dogs with metastatic mammary carcinomas, as they are associated with a higher risk of death and shorter survival.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma , Enfermedades de los Perros , Metástasis Linfática , Animales , Carcinoma/veterinaria , Perros , Extensión Extranodal , Femenino , Ganglios Linfáticos , Pronóstico , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
This study evaluated the effect of systemic administration of omega-3 on the expression of interleukins IL-1ß and IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and on the thickness of cartilage in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Thirty-two adult rats were divided equally into four groups: control, CFA (induced arthritis), and induced arthritis animals treated with dexamethasone or omega-3. The TMJs were then removed and assigned to histomorphometric analysis or immunoassay. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn post hoc test was applied to the data; the significance level was set at 5%. IL-1ß levels (median; interquartile range) were higher (P<0.0001) in the CFA group (46.4 ng/ml; 39.4-53.3) than in the control group (1.81 ng/ml; 1.5-5.4), but there were no differences between the control, omega-3, and dexamethasone groups. TNF-α levels were also higher (P<0.0001) in the CFA group (122.7 ng/ml; 92.9-284.7) than in the control group (29.1 ng/ml; 23.7-31.3). IL-10 levels were lowest (P<0.0001) in the CFA group (73.5 ng/ml; 52.8-90.5), and no differences were found amongst the other groups. In conclusion, omega-3 successfully reduced the damage in the TMJ of induced arthritis rats. Further investigations are warranted to confirm whether the administration of omega-3 has a comparable effect to glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular , Articulación Temporomandibular , Animales , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Adyuvante de Freund , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Ratas , Membrana Sinovial , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Complementary and alternative therapies, including the use of medicinal plants, have become almost standard among the world's population. Pfaffia glomerata (PG), popularly known as Brazilian ginseng, is widely used as a restorer of vital functions, increasing mental balance, and is used for the treatment of diabetes and rheumatism. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is one of the oldest known gymnosperms, whose leaves are widely used for its potentiating action on the nervous system. The biological activities of these plants were determined on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats treated in vivo. For cytotoxic and mutagenic acute analysis, plant extracts were administered by gavage at concentrations of 0.15, 1.5, and 15 mg PG/mL water and 1, 2, and 3 mg GB/mL water. For antimutagenic analysis, plant extracts aqueous solution (PG, 1.5 mg/mL or GB, 2 mg/mL) were administered by gavage before (pretreatment), simultaneous to (simultaneous treatment), or after (post-treatment) the administration of cyclophosphamide (1.5 mg/mL, intraperitoneally). Both plant extracts have no cytotoxic or mutagenic potential, and they significantly reduce the percentage of chromosomal aberrations induced by the cyclophosphamide given simultaneously (PG, 87%; GB, 75%), pretreatment (PG, 98%, GB, 78%) and post-treatment (PG, 99%, GB, 75%). This beneficial antimutagenic property of the medicinal plants P. glomerata and G. biloba presented here, with no cytotoxic or mutagenic activity, can efficiently contribute to improvements in quality of life and recovery for people undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment, or those looking for health and preventive habits.
Asunto(s)
Amaranthaceae/química , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Ginkgo biloba/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antimutagênicos/administración & dosificación , Antimutagênicos/efectos adversos , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Femenino , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Invasive Candida albicans infections are a serious health threat for immunocompromised individuals. Fluconazole is most commonly used to treat these infections, but resistance due to the overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps is of grave concern. This study evaluated the ability of five synthetic organotellurium compounds to reverse the fluconazole resistance of C. albicans clinical isolates. Compounds 1 to 4, at <10 µg/ml, ameliorated the fluconazole resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains overexpressing the major C. albicans multidrug efflux pumps Cdr1p and Mdr1p, whereas compound 5 only sensitized Mdr1p-overexpressing strains to fluconazole. Compounds 1 to 4 also inhibited efflux of the fluorescent substrate rhodamine 6G and the ATPase activity of Cdr1p, whereas all five of compounds 1 to 5 inhibited Nile red efflux by Mdr1p. Interestingly, all five compounds demonstrated synergy with fluconazole against efflux pump-overexpressing fluconazole-resistant C. albicans clinical isolates, isolate 95-142 overexpressing CDR1 and CDR2, isolate 96-25 overexpressing MDR1 and ERG11, and isolate 12-99 overexpressing CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, and ERG11 Overall, organotellurium compounds 1 and 2 were the most promising fluconazole chemosensitizers of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. Our data suggest that these novel organotellurium compounds inhibit pump efflux by two very important and distinct families of fungal multidrug efflux pumps: the ATP-binding cassette transporter Cdr1p and the major facilitator superfamily transporter Mdr1p.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacología , Candida albicans/genética , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Compuestos de Organotecnecio/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is the emerging infectious disease implicated in recent population declines and extinctions of amphibian species worldwide. Bd strains from regions of disease-associated amphibian decline to date have all belonged to a single, hypervirulent clonal genotype (Bd-GPL). However, earlier studies in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil detected a novel, putatively enzootic lineage (Bd-Brazil), and indicated hybridization between Bd-GPL and Bd-Brazil. Here, we characterize the spatial distribution and population history of these sympatric lineages in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. To investigate the genetic structure of Bd in this region, we collected and genotyped Bd strains along a 2400-km transect of the Atlantic Forest. Bd-Brazil genotypes were restricted to a narrow geographic range in the southern Atlantic Forest, while Bd-GPL strains were widespread and largely geographically unstructured. Bd population genetics in this region support the hypothesis that the recently discovered Brazilian lineage is enzootic in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and that Bd-GPL is a more recently expanded invasive. We collected additional hybrid isolates that demonstrate the recurrence of hybridization between panzootic and enzootic lineages, thereby confirming the existence of a hybrid zone in the Serra da Graciosa mountain range of Paraná State. Our field observations suggest that Bd-GPL may be more infective towards native Brazilian amphibians, and potentially more effective at dispersing across a fragmented landscape. We also provide further evidence of pathogen translocations mediated by the Brazilian ranaculture industry with implications for regulations and policies on global amphibian trade.
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Anfibios/microbiología , Quitridiomicetos/genética , Genética de Población , Hibridación Genética , Micosis/microbiología , Animales , Brasil , Genotipo , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Micosis/veterinariaRESUMEN
The human insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms that differ by the absence (IR-A) or the presence (IR-B) of a 12-amino acid segment encoded by exon 11. Both isoforms are functionally distinct regarding their binding affinities and intracellular signalling. However, the underlying mechanisms related to their cellular functions in several tissues are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in this field regarding the alternative splicing of IR isoform, tissue-specific distribution and signalling both in physiology and disease, with an emphasis on the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Furthermore, we discuss the clinical relevance of IR isoforms highlighted by findings that show altered insulin signalling due to differential IR-A and IR-B expression in human placental endothelium in GDM pregnancies. Future research and clinical studies focused on the role of IR isoform signalling might provide novel therapeutic targets for treating GDM to improve the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/patología , Insulina/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Isoformas de Proteínas , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
In this study, we aimed to establish strategies for value for cultivation and use (VCU) experiments for the tobacco crop in the southern region of Brazil with respect to the number of environments used to assess tobacco lines. Trials of the Virginia (18 sites) and Burley (17 sites) varietal groups were conducted in the three states of the southern region of Brazil in the 2009-2010 crop season. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replications of 10 tobacco lines in the final stage of evaluation; the plots had 6 rows of 7 plants each, or 42 plants per plot. The cured leaf weight per hectare (kg/ha) was obtained. To evaluate stability, the ecovalence and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction models were adopted. In addition, joint analyses of variance were carried out considering different site numbers by simulating resampling. The site number ranged from 2 to 17 or 2 to 16, depending on the varietal group, and sites were selected at random without replacement. The process was repeated 2000 times for each number of sites. All analyses were performed using the R software. The results are very similar for both varietal groups. There is no advantage of using a large number of sites for VCU experiments in the southern region of Brazil because many sites contributed little to the interaction or did not discriminate the tobacco lines. Furthermore, the classification of the best lines is very similar to that obtained in the total number of evaluated sites.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura/métodos , Productos Agrícolas , Nicotiana , Brasil , Cruzamiento , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Nicotiana/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
A new facility for neutron tomography has been installed at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor of IPEN-CNEN/SP. A tomography can be obtained in 400 s and the spatial resolution in the image is 263 µm. The neutron dose per tomography, in the video camera used for image capture, is only 21 µSv, assures very few damages in its CCD sensor. Some selected objects were investigated and the obtained 3D images demonstrate the capability of the facility to investigate hydrogenous substances.
Asunto(s)
Neutrones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , Madera/química , Animales , Brasil , Diseño de Equipo , Sustancias Explosivas/análisis , Hidrógeno , Imagenología Tridimensional , Isópteros/metabolismo , Dosis de RadiaciónRESUMEN
We aimed to establish standards for tobacco Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU) in Brazil. We obtained information regarding the size and design of plots of two varietal groups of tobacco (Virginia and Burley). Ten inbred lines of each varietal group were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The plot contained 42 plants with six rows of seven columns each. For each experiment plant, considering the position of the respective plant in the plot (row and column) as a reference, cured leaf weight (g/plant), total sugar content (%), and total alkaloid content (%) were determined. The maximum curvature of the variations in coefficients was estimated. Trials with the number of plants per plot ranging from 2 to 41 were simulated. The use of a border was not justified because the interactions between inbred lines x position in the plots were never significant, showing that the behavior of the inbred lines coincided with the different positions. The plant performance varied according to the column position in the plot. To lessen the effect of this factor, the use of plots with more than one row is recommended. Experimental precision, evaluated by the CV%, increased with an increase in plot size; nevertheless, the maximum curvature of the variation coefficient method showed no expressive increase in precision if the number of plants was greater than seven. The result in identification of the best inbred line, in terms of the size of each plot, coincided with the maximum curvature method.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura/métodos , Productos Agrícolas/química , Nicotiana/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , CruzamientoRESUMEN
A neutron tomography (NT) facility was installed at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute IPEN-CNEN/SP. According to the determined operational characteristics, the time spent to obtain a complete tomography is 4,000s at a neutron flux of 1×10(6) ncm(-2)s(-1) and the best achievable spatial resolution in the image is 347 µm. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the facility as well as to demonstrate its potential to investigate ceramic objects from the Brazilian cultural heritage left by Indians.
RESUMEN
The procedure followed by the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory, at IPEN, for the primary standardization of (99m)Tc is described. The primary standardization has been accomplished by the coincidence method. The beta channel efficiency was varied by electronic discrimination using a software coincidence counting system. Two windows were selected for the gamma channel: one at 140 keV gamma-ray and the other at 20 keV X-ray total absorption peaks. The experimental extrapolation curves were compared with Monte Carlo simulations by means of code ESQUEMA.
Asunto(s)
Radiometría/métodos , Radiometría/normas , Programas Informáticos , Espectrometría gamma/normas , Tecnecio/análisis , Tecnecio/normas , Brasil , Semivida , Internacionalidad , Dosis de Radiación , Estándares de Referencia , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Information about the inheritance of threshold traits is scarce, especially in plants. We examined the genetic control of kernel row number in maize (Zea mays). Knowledge of this inheritance is especially important because it is a primary component of grain yield. This trait has a discontinuous distribution. Characters like these are conceptualized as threshold traits. Crosses were made between the inbred line Geneze 3 (G3) with many kernel rows and the inbreds Argentino IV (A4) and Dente de Cravo (DC), with fewer kernel rows. The F(1) and F(2) generations and the backcrosses BC(11) and BC(21) were obtained for the combinations G3 x A4 and G3 x DC. These populations were evaluated under field conditions, and the kernel row number was determined by direct counting of approximately 14, 140 and 75 ears for the F(1), F(2) and backcrosses, respectively. Genetic control was determined through estimates of generation means and variance analysis and was also performed by Wright's method for threshold traits. It was found that genetic control is predominantly due to additive alleles. The component a, was greater than zero, additive variance was positive and the variance of dominance did not differ from zero. In the F(2) generation, the range of the kernel row number was 10 to 28 in G3 x A4, while in G3 x DC it was 12 to 26. Inheritance of the number of kernel rows, estimated by the two methods, gave similar results. This correspondence is due to adjusting of the data to the normal distribution.
Asunto(s)
Semillas/genética , Zea mays/genética , Alelos , Cruzamiento , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Fenotipo , Carácter Cuantitativo HeredableRESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
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O artigo não apresenta resumo.
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Trout and rabbit (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPases from sarcoplasmic reticulum were compared for differences in thermal inactivation and susceptibility to trypsin digestion. The trout ATPase is more heat-sensitive than the rabbit ATPase and is stabilized by Ca2+, Na+, K+ and nucleotides. Solubilization of both ATPases shows that the two ATPases have different protein-intrinsic inactivation kinetics. When digested by trypsin, the two ATPases display different cleavage patterns. The present results indicate that the trout and rabbit ATPases have dissimilarities in protein structure that may explain the differences in thermal inactivation kinetics.
Asunto(s)
ATPasa de Ca(2+) y Mg(2+)/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/enzimología , Animales , ATPasa de Ca(2+) y Mg(2+)/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Activación Enzimática/fisiología , Estabilidad de Enzimas/efectos de los fármacos , Estabilidad de Enzimas/fisiología , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Ligandos , Litio/farmacología , Peso Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Octoxinol/farmacología , Potasio/farmacología , Conformación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Conejos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Sodio/farmacología , Solubilidad , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Trucha , Tripsina/metabolismoRESUMEN
This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of sulfuric acid pre-treatment on the germination percentage of Panicum maximum Jacq. seeds, in laboratory conditions. Recently harvested seeds, of five varieties, pre-treated or not with sulfuric acid, were tested periodically from August 1991 to April 1993. The statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the pre-treatment did not contribute to improve the germination of the seeds, since the beginning until the end of the storage period.
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação do pré-tratamento com ácido sulfúrico sobre a germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum Jacq., em condições de laboratório. Sementes recém colhidas dos capins Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro e Tanzânia 1, não tratadas e pré-tratadas (escarificadas), foram submetidas a ensaios de germinação, a partir de agosto de 1991 até abril de 1993, em intervalos de aproximadamente 4 meses entre cada época. Os dados colhidos, após análise estatística, permitiram elaborar a seguinte conclusão: o pré-tratamento com ácido sulfúrico não contribuiu para melhorar a porcentagem de germinação das sementes testadas, desde o início até o final do período de armazenagem.
RESUMEN
This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of sulfuric acid pre-treatment on the germination percentage of Panicum maximum Jacq. seeds, in laboratory conditions. Recently harvested seeds, of five varieties, pre-treated or not with sulfuric acid, were tested periodically from August 1991 to April 1993. The statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the pre-treatment did not contribute to improve the germination of the seeds, since the beginning until the end of the storage period.
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação do pré-tratamento com ácido sulfúrico sobre a germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum Jacq., em condições de laboratório. Sementes recém colhidas dos capins Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro e Tanzânia 1, não tratadas e pré-tratadas (escarificadas), foram submetidas a ensaios de germinação, a partir de agosto de 1991 até abril de 1993, em intervalos de aproximadamente 4 meses entre cada época. Os dados colhidos, após análise estatística, permitiram elaborar a seguinte conclusão: o pré-tratamento com ácido sulfúrico não contribuiu para melhorar a porcentagem de germinação das sementes testadas, desde o início até o final do período de armazenagem.
RESUMEN
This work was carried out to study the germination of Panicum maximum Jacq. seeds, Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro and Tanzânia varieties, on substrata moistened with three different volumes of 0.2% potassium nitrate solution: 12, 16 and 20ml. After sowing, the gerbox covers were tied with tape and no water was added. Germination counts were done each 7 days. The germination test results pointed out that there were differences among them, depending on the amount of solution applied. The germination percentage with 12 ml of solution applied to the substrata was greater than for the others.
Realizou-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de estudar a germinação de sementes de cultivares de Panicum maximum Jacq. (Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro e Tanzânia), em testes sobre substratos umedecidos com três quantidades de solução de nitrato de potássio a 0,2%, quais sejam: 12, 16 e 20 ml. Depois de semeados, os gerboxes foram fechados com fita crepe e levados para germinador. As contagens de germinação foram realizadas de 7 em 7 dias, sem se acrescentar água, e os gerboxes mantidos vedados. Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve diferença entre os testes, dependendo da quantidade de solução utilizada, tendo a germinação com 12ml superado a das demais.
RESUMEN
This work was carried out to study the germination of Panicum maximum Jacq. seeds, Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro and Tanzânia varieties, on substrata moistened with three different volumes of 0.2% potassium nitrate solution: 12, 16 and 20ml. After sowing, the gerbox covers were tied with tape and no water was added. Germination counts were done each 7 days. The germination test results pointed out that there were differences among them, depending on the amount of solution applied. The germination percentage with 12 ml of solution applied to the substrata was greater than for the others.
Realizou-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de estudar a germinação de sementes de cultivares de Panicum maximum Jacq. (Colonião, Tobiatã, Centenário, Centauro e Tanzânia), em testes sobre substratos umedecidos com três quantidades de solução de nitrato de potássio a 0,2%, quais sejam: 12, 16 e 20 ml. Depois de semeados, os gerboxes foram fechados com fita crepe e levados para germinador. As contagens de germinação foram realizadas de 7 em 7 dias, sem se acrescentar água, e os gerboxes mantidos vedados. Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve diferença entre os testes, dependendo da quantidade de solução utilizada, tendo a germinação com 12ml superado a das demais.